Influence of a large fluvial island, streambed, and stream bank on surface water-groundwater fluxes and water table dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Shope ◽  
James E. Constantz ◽  
Clay A. Cooper ◽  
Donald M. Reeves ◽  
Greg Pohll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Stream Bank ◽  
Fluvial Island

scholarly journals A Hydrologic Landscapes Perspective on Groundwater Connectivity of Depressional Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Neff ◽  
Donald O. Rosenberry ◽  
Scott G. Leibowitz ◽  
Dave M. Mushet ◽  
Heather E. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Depressional Wetlands ◽  
Hydrologic Connectivity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Depressional Wetland ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Flow Through

Research into processes governing the hydrologic connectivity of depressional wetlands has advanced rapidly in recent years. Nevertheless, a need persists for broadly applicable, non-site-specific guidance to facilitate further research. Here, we explicitly use the hydrologic landscapes theoretical framework to develop broadly applicable conceptual knowledge of depressional-wetland hydrologic connectivity. We used a numerical model to simulate the groundwater flow through five generic hydrologic landscapes. Next, we inserted depressional wetlands into the generic landscapes and repeated the modeling exercise. The results strongly characterize groundwater connectivity from uplands to lowlands as being predominantly indirect. Groundwater flowed from uplands and most of it was discharged to the surface at a concave-upward break in slope, possibly continuing as surface water to lowlands. Additionally, we found that groundwater connectivity of the depressional wetlands was primarily determined by the slope of the adjacent water table. However, we identified certain arrangements of landforms that caused the water table to fall sharply and not follow the surface contour. Finally, we synthesize our findings and provide guidance to practitioners and resource managers regarding the management significance of indirect groundwater discharge and the effect of depressional wetland groundwater connectivity on pond permanence and connectivity.

Mineralogical and textural evolution of the economic manganese mineralisation in western Rhodope massif, N. Greece

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (380) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Nimfopoulos ◽  
R. A. D. Pattrick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Paragenesis ◽  
Textural Evolution ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Hydrothermal Veins

AbstractThe western Rhodope massif contains a significant number of ‘battery grade’ Mn-oxide deposits which are best developed in the area near Kato Nevrokopi, Drama district, N. Greece. Economic Mn-oxide ore concentrations are confined to fault zones and related karsts in marbles. The mineralisation has formed by weathering of hydrothermal veins that were genetically related to Oligocene magmatism.At Kato Nevrokopi, progressive and continuous weathering of primary, hydrothermal veins of rhodochrosite, mixed sulphide, quartz and ‘black calcite’ (calcite and todorokite) has resulted in the formation of the assemblage MnO-gel-(amorphous Mn-oxide)-todorokite-azurite-goethite-cerussite in the veins and the assemblage MnO-gel-nsutite-chalcophanite-birnessite-cryptomelane-pyrolusite and malachite and amorphous Fe-oxides in karstic cavities.The fs2 and fO2 of the hydrothermal fluids increased with time. The breakdown of the hypogene Mn-carbonate was aided by the production of an acidic fluid due to the oxidation of sulphides. Precipitation of the supergene ores was caused by neutralisation of the fluids due to reaction with the host marble and to mixing of relatively reduced fluids with oxygenated surface water in a fluctuation water table regime. Zinc was also mobile during weathering and became concentrated in the intermediate Mn-oxides, effectively stabilising their structures. The mineral paragenesis records the progressive oxidation of the ore and the appearance of less hydrated Mn-oxides, low in alkalis and alkaline earths.

scholarly journals Impact of Sea-Level Rise on the Hydrologic Landscape of the Mānā Plain, Kaua‘i

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Basil Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Operational Ability ◽  
Event Based

The Mānā Plain is a land apart, buffered from oceanographic influences by ~3–35 m high backshore deposits, and drained by an intricate, >100-y-old ditch system and modern, large-capacity pumps. Quantifying present and prospective inputs and outputs for the hydrologic landscape suggests that, although sea-level rise (SLR) will begin to impact ditch system operations in 2040, transient, event-based flooding caused by rainfall, not SLR induced, multi-mechanism flooding, will continue to pose the most immediate threat. This is because as sea level rises the ability of gravity flows to discharge storm runoff directly into the ocean will diminish, causing floodwater to pond in low-lying depressions. Estimates of the volume of water involved suggests the risk of flooding from surface water is likely to extend to 5.45 km2 of land that is presently ≤ 1 m above sea level. This land will not be permanently inundated, but weeks of pumping may be required to remove the floodwater. Increasing pumping capacity and preserving some operational ability to discharge storm runoff under the influence of gravity will enhance the ditch system’s resilience to SLR and ensure it continues to fulfill its primary functions, of maintaining the water table below the root zone and diverting storm runoff away from farmland, at least until the end of this century.

scholarly journals Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens River, southeast Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4907-4924 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. L. Yu ◽  
I. Cartwright ◽  
J. L. Braden ◽  
S. T. de Bree
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Head Gradient ◽  
Major Ion Geochemistry

Abstract. Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale groundwater-surface water interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray–Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the Ovens River is dominated by gaining reaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The distribution of gaining and losing reaches is governed by catchment morphology and lithology. In the upper catchment, rapid groundwater recharge through the permeable aquifers increases the water table. The rising water table, referred to as hydraulic loading, increases the hydraulic head gradient toward the river and hence causes high baseflow to the river during wet (high flow) periods. In the lower catchment, lower rainfall and finer-gained sediments reduce the magnitude and variability of hydraulic gradient between the aquifer and the river, producing lower but more constant groundwater inflows. The water table in the lower reaches has a shallow gradient, and small changes in river height or groundwater level can result in fluctuating gaining and losing behaviour. The middle catchment represents a transition in river-aquifer interactions from the upper to the lower catchment. High baseflow in some parts of the middle and lower catchments is caused by groundwater flowing over basement highs. Mass balance calculations based on 222Rn activities indicate that groundwater inflows are 2 to 17% of total flow with higher inflows occurring during high flow periods. In comparison to 222Rn activities, estimates of groundwater inflows from Cl concentrations are higher by up to 2000% in the upper and middle catchment but lower by 50 to 100% in the lower catchment. The high baseflow estimates using Cl concentrations may be due to the lack of sufficient difference between groundwater and surface water Cl concentrations. Both hydrograph separation and differential flow gauging yield far higher baseflow fluxes than 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations, probably indicating the input of other sources to the river in additional to regional groundwater, such as bank return flows.

Water table decline, springline desiccation and the early development of irrigated agriculture in the Wādi al-Ajāl, Libyan Fazzān

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Drake ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Ruth Peiling ◽  
Kevin White ◽  
David Mattingly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
First Millennium

AbstractUranium/Thorium (U/Th) and 226Ra dating has been applied to spring deposits in order to determine the timing of the drying up of springs in the Wādī al-Ajāl, Fazzān, Libya. These dates are compared with results of archaeological surveys of irrigation structures and archaeobotanical studies of plant remains to further our understanding of the factors that controlled the introduction of irrigated agriculture, its nature and timing.Though there are still important gaps in our understanding, the results suggest that by 3,100 ±125 BP surface water was either very scarce or nonexistent at the base of the escarpment, although the water table was probably very near the surface at the base of the Wādī in the vicinity of Jarma. Archaeobotanical evidence indicates that irrigated agriculture was introduced in the early part of the first millennium BC, soon after the desiccation of the springs and presumably in response to the fall in the water table and the increasingly scarce availability of surface water. No irrigation structures have been found that relate to this period, but the most likely scenario involves wells tapping the near surface water in the vicinity of Jarma. The earliest irrigation systems are foggaras which archaeological evidence suggests were probably introduced by the final few centuries BC, and definitely before the fourth century AD. The extensification of agriculture associated with extensive foggara development broadly corresponds with archaeobotanical evidence for an intensification and diversification of agriculture involving the introduction of a farming system utilising both winter and summer crops. There are likely to be strong connections between these two developments and that of the rise of the Garamantes.

Testing of model footings on reclaimed land, Wabamun, Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thomson ◽  
J. D. Scott ◽  
D. C. Sego ◽  
T. M. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Compacted Soil

The level to gently undulating ground on backfilled mined-out areas is referred to as reclaimed mine spoil. This paper deals with model footings for light structures placed on such soil. For the case considered, the spoil is dominated by a disaggregated clay shale. Settlement of the spoil arises from self-weight, an increase in overburden, and saturation. This last source takes place as the water table rises or when surface infiltration occurs. This latter cause is the source of potentially damaging settlement and is the focus of the research work. Four footings, each 1 × 1 m, were placed on a 1 m thick mat composed of either preloaded, compacted soil, compacted soil/flyash mixture, or compacted flyash. Each footing was loaded to 61 kPa. The settlement was small under this load but every footing settled intolerably when the soil below the footing was saturated. However, the results have merit. Further design consideration needs to be devoted to obviating the ingress of surface water. Key words: settlement, spoil, reclaimed land, model footings, slaking.

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