Regional sources of nitrous oxide over the United States: Seasonal variation and spatial distribution

AbstractSeveral diseases associated with erectile dysfunction (ED), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD), are known to have seasonal variation, with increased incidence during winter months. However, no literature exists on whether this chronological-seasonal evolution is also present within ED symptomatology. We hypothesized ED would follow the seasonal pattern of its lifestyle-influenced comorbid conditions and exhibit increased incidence during winter months. In order to investigate the seasonal variation of ED in the United States between 2009 and 2019, Internet search query data were obtained using Google Trends. Normalized search volume was determined during the winter and summer seasons for ED, other diseases known to be significantly associated with ED (T2DM and CAD), kidney stones (positive control), and prostate cancer (negative control). There were significantly more internet search queries for ED during the winter than during the summer (p = 0.001). CAD and T2DM also had significantly increased search volume during winter months compared to summer months (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). By contrast, searches for kidney stones were significantly increased in the summer than in the winter (p < 0.001). There was no significant seasonal variation in the relative search frequency for prostate cancer (p = 0.75). In conclusion, Google Trends internet search data across a ten-year period in the United States suggested a seasonal variation in ED, which implies an increase in ED during winter. This novel finding in ED epidemiology may help increase awareness of ED’s associated lifestyle risk factors, which may facilitate early medical evaluation and treatment for those at risk of both ED and cardiovascular disease.

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Seasonal Variation in Incidence of Pediatric Medulloblastoma in the United States, 1995–2001

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s102-c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 163 (suppl_11) ◽

pp. S102-S102

Author(s):

S Hoffman ◽

J M Propp ◽

B J McCarthy ◽

R T Campbell ◽

F G Davis

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

The United States ◽

Pediatric Medulloblastoma

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Abstract 504: Regional Variations of Ischemic Stroke in The United States

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Prateeth Pati ◽

Adnan Khalif ◽

Balaji Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

The United States ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

The South ◽

Admission Rates ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Geographic Distribution of Acute Ischemic Stroke admissions in the United States Background: The geographic distribution of acute ischemic stroke in the United States has not been evaluated, unlike the association shown with acute MI by Patel et al., (International Journal of Cardiology, 2014, 172.3). Our study looked at the geographic distribution and seasonal variation of acute ischemic stroke using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2011 - 2013. Methods: Adult admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke were extracted from the NIS database using the ICD 9 code 434.91 from 2011 - 2013. Admission information included hospital region (West, South, Mid-Atlantic and Northwest) and seasonal admission rates (Winter=December-February, Spring=March-May, Summer=June-August, Fall=September-November). A Chi square analysis was used to analyze differences in categorical variables (we assumed a normal distribution of 25% per region). Results: A total of 120714 admissions were identified (weighted = 603361). There were more cases of acute ischemic stroke in the South (41.52 percent of admissions) compared to the mid Atlantic (21.4), Northwest (17.98) or West (19.08) with a p value < 0.0001. Each year between 2011 to 2013 showed a higher rate of admissions for acute ischemic stroke in the South. Taking the years into summation showed no statistically significant difference in seasonal variation in any of the regions. Conclusion: Our study shows a higher number of admissions for acute ischemic stroke in the South, but failed to show any seasonal differences. However, there are several studies that suggest a preponderance of admissions for acute myocardial infarction during the winter season, Spencer et al., (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1998, 31.2.) Further studies are needed to identify why there is a significant regional difference in the admission rates for acute ischemic stroke.

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Economic and Environmental Costs of Meat Waste in the US

Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch036 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 685-702

Author(s):

Nicholas Hardersen ◽

Jadwiga R. Ziolkowska

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Food Security ◽

Natural Resources ◽

The United States ◽

Meat Production ◽

Total Annual Cost ◽

Livestock Breeding ◽

The Us ◽

Social And Environmental Impacts

Food waste is a major issue around the globe impacting food security, resource use, economic operations, and the environment. Meat waste, constituting approximately half of total annual meat production in the United States, is particularly relevant to address due to significant resource inputs used in livestock breeding and the meat production process. In this chapter, the authors monetize annual costs of natural resources including water, land, and energy, as well as emissions of methane and nitrous oxide embedded in wasted meat in the United States. Results indicate the total annual cost of $32-32.5 billion. The outcomes substantiate the need to reduce current levels of wasted meat in order to minimize economic, social, and environmental impacts on natural resources and make food and meat production more sustainable.

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What is the Price of Tea in China? Goods Prices and Availability in Chinese Cities

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/ueaa066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 (632) ◽

pp. 2438-2467

Author(s):

Robert C Feenstra ◽

Mingzhi Xu ◽

Alexis Antoniades

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Consumer Goods ◽

The United States ◽

City Size ◽

Competitive Effect ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

Price Indexes

Abstract We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers’ sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger cities, but that effect is more pronounced in China. Combining the lower prices and greater variety, the price indexes in China for the goods we study fall with city size by around seven times more than in the United States.

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