Satellite remote sensing analysis of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash cloud over the North Sea during 4-18 May 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar A. Christopher ◽  
Nan Feng ◽  
Aaron Naeger ◽  
Ben Johnson ◽  
Franco Marenco
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
The North ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Ash Cloud

scholarly journals Monitoring volcanic ash cloud top height through simultaneous retrieval of optical data from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2589-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zakšek ◽  
M. Hort ◽  
J. Zaletelj ◽  
B. Langmann
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
Ash Cloud

Abstract. Volcanic ash cloud-top height (ACTH) can be monitored on the global level using satellite remote sensing. Here we propose a photogrammetric method based on the parallax between data retrieved from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites to overcome some limitations of the existing methods of ACTH retrieval. SEVIRI HRV band and MODIS band 1 are a good choice because of their high resolution. The procedure works well if the data from both satellites are retrieved nearly simultaneously. MODIS does not retrieve the data at exactly the same time as SEVIRI. To compensate for advection we use two sequential SEVIRI images (one before and one after the MODIS retrieval) and interpolate the cloud position from SEVIRI data to the time of MODIS retrieval. The proposed method was tested for the case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010. The parallax between MODIS and SEVIRI data can reach 30 km, which implies an ACTH of approximately 12 km at the beginning of the eruption. At the end of April eruption an ACTH of 3–4 km is observed. The accuracy of ACTH was estimated to be 0.6 km.

Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
D. S. Wray ◽  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
M. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Thermal Doming

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.

Clay mineralogy of the Tertiary onshore and offshore strata of the British Isles

Clay Minerals ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Huggett ◽  
R. W. O'B. Knox
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Clay Formation

AbstractTertiary sediments are of restricted occurrence in the onshore British Isles but occur extensively offshore, attaining thicknesses of ~4 km in the Faroe—Shetland Basin and ~3 km in the North Sea Basin. Clay mineral stratigraphic studies of the North Sea Paleocene to Lower Miocene successions show a dominance of smectite (and smectite-rich illite-smectite) with minor illite, kaolin and chlorite. Abundant smectite in the Paleocene and Eocene reflects alteration of volcanic ash derived from pyroclastic activity associated with the opening of the North Atlantic between Greenland and Europe. However, the persistence of high smectite into the Oligocene and Middle Miocene indicates that smectite-rich soils on adjacent land areas may also have been an important source of detrital clays. An upwards change to illite-dominated assemblages in the Middle Miocene reflects higher rates of erosion and detrital clay supply, with a subsequent increase in chlorite reflecting climatic cooling. The persistence of smectite-rich assemblages to depths of >3000 m in the offshore indicates little burial-related diagenesis within the mudstone succession, possibly as a consequence of over-pressuring. Despite the importance of Paleocene and Eocene sandstones as hydrocarbon reservoirs in the North Sea and Faroe-Shetland basins, there are few published details of the authigenic clays. The principal clay cements in these sandstones are kaolin and chlorite, with only minor illite reported.The offshore successions provide a valuable background to the interpretation of the more intensively studied, but stratigraphically less complete, onshore Tertiary successions. The most extensive onshore successions occur in the London and Hampshire basins where sediments of Paleocene to earliest Oligocene age are preserved. Here clay assemblages are dominated by illite and smectite with subordinate kaolin and chlorite. The relatively large smectite content of these successions is also attributed primarily to the alteration of volcanic ash. Associated non-smectitic clays are largely detrital in origin and sourced from areas to the west, with reworking of laterites and “china clay” deposits developed over Cornish granites. Authigenic clays include glauconite (sensu lato), early diagenetic kaolin that has replaced muscovite (principally in the London Clay Formation of the London Basin) and smectite that has replaced ash. Pedogenesis has extensively modified the assemblages in the Reading Formation and Solent Group. Tertiary sediments are largely missing from onshore northern and western Britain, but clays and sands of Eocene and Oligocene age are locally preserved in small fault-bounded basins. Here, clay assemblages are dominated by kaolin with minor illite.

scholarly journals Monitoring volcanic ash cloud top height through simultaneous retrieval of optical data from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 25617-25656
Author(s):  
K. Zakšek ◽  
M. Hort ◽  
J. Zaletelj ◽  
B. Langmann
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Ash Cloud

Abstract. Volcanic ash cloud top height (ACTH) can be monitored on the global level using satellite remote sensing. Here we propose a photogrammetric method based on the parallax between data retrieved from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites to overcome some limitations of the existing methods of ACTH retrieval. SEVIRI HRV band and MODIS band 1 are a good choice because of their high resolution. The procedure works well if the data from both satellites are retrieved nearly simultaneously. MODIS does not retrieve the data at exactly the same time as SEVIRI. To compensate for advection we use two sequential SEVIRI images (one before and one after the MODIS retrieval) and interpolate the cloud position from SEVIRI data to the time of MODIS retrieval. The proposed method was tested for the case of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010. The parallax between MODIS and SEVIRI data can reach over 30 km which implies ACTH of more than 12 km in the beginning of the eruption. In the end of April eruption ACTH of 3–4 km is observed. The accuracy of ACTH was estimated to be 0.6 km.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document