scholarly journals A statistical study of the cross-shock electric potential at low Mach number, quasi-perpendicular bow shock crossings using Cluster data

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (A2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Dimmock ◽  
M. A. Balikhin ◽  
V. V. Krasnoselskikh ◽  
S. N. Walker ◽  
S. D. Bale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Low Mach Number ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Comparison of three methods for the estimation of cross-shock electric potential using Cluster data

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Dimmock ◽  
M. A. Balikhin ◽  
Y. Hobara
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Crossing ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Cross

Abstract. Cluster four point measurements provide a comprehensive dataset for the separation of temporal and spatial variations, which is crucial for the calculation of the cross shock electrostatic potential using electric field measurements. While Cluster is probably the most suited among present and past spacecraft missions to provide such a separation at the terrestrial bow shock, it is far from ideal for a study of the cross shock potential, since only 2 components of the electric field are measured in the spacecraft spin plane. The present paper is devoted to the comparison of 3 different techniques that can be used to estimate the potential with this limitation. The first technique is the estimate taking only into account the projection of the measured components onto the shock normal. The second uses the ideal MHD condition E·B = 0 to estimate the third electric field component. The last method is based on the structure of the electric field in the Normal Incidence Frame (NIF) for which only the potential component along the shock normal and the motional electric field exist. All 3 approaches are used to estimate the potential for a single crossing of the terrestrial bow shock that took place on the 31 March 2001. Surprisingly all three methods lead to the same order of magnitude for the cross shock potential. It is argued that the third method must lead to more reliable results. The effect of the shock normal inaccuracy is investigated for this particular shock crossing. The resulting electrostatic potential appears too high in comparison with the theoretical results for low Mach number shocks. This shows the variability of the potential, interpreted in the frame of the non-stationary shock model.

Ion and electron heating at the low-Mach-number, quasi-parallel bow shock

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (A3) ◽  
pp. 3875-3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Thomsen ◽  
J. T. Gosling ◽  
T. G. Onsager ◽  
C. T. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Electron Heating ◽  
Low Mach Number

scholarly journals The role of the bow shock in solar wind-magnetosphere coupling

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Lopez ◽  
V. G. Merkin ◽  
J. G. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Low Mach Number ◽  
Poynting Flux ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

Abstract. In this paper we examine the role of the bow shock in coupling solar wind energy to the magnetosphere using global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction with southward IMF. During typical solar wind conditions, there are two significant dynamo currents in the magnetospheric system, one in the high-latitude mantle region tailward of the cusp and the other in the bow shock. As the magnitude of the (southward) IMF increases and the solar wind becomes a low Mach number flow, there is a significant change in solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. The high-latitude magnetopause dynamo becomes insignificant compared to the bow shock and a large load appears right outside the magnetopause. This leaves the bow shock current as the only substantial dynamo current in the system, and the only place where a significant amount of mechanical energy is extracted from the solar wind. That energy appears primarily as electromagnetic energy, and the Poynting flux generated at the bow shock feeds energy back into the plasma, reaccelerating it to solar wind speeds. Some small fraction of that Poynting flux is directed into the magnetosphere, supplying the energy needed for magnetospheric dynamics. Thus during periods when the solar wind flow has a low Mach number, the main dynamo in the solar wind-magnetosphere system is the bow shock.

A study of kinematic relaxation at the Venus bow shock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Pope ◽  
Michael A. Balikhin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Magnetic Cloud ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Low Mach Number ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Type ◽  
Venus Express

<p>A new type of very-low Mach number shock in which the primary method of energy re-distribution is the kinematic relaxation of a non-gyrotropic ion population, was discovered at Venus early in the Venus Express mission. This led to the development of an associated theory and numerical analysis. The recent discovery of such a shock at the Earth using THEMIS data experimentally verified this theory using simultaneous magnetic field and plasma data. It also showed that the most favourable conditions for the formation of such a shock is the magnetic cloud phase of an ICME. Venus Express provides an excellent opportunity to study such shocks further. Here we present results from the duration of the mission, which identifies over thirty shock crossings showing evidence of kinematic relaxation. These shock crossings are investigated to understand how the upstream conditions and heavy ions (including pick-up ions) affect their formation.</p>

scholarly journals Low Mach number fluctuating hydrodynamics for electrolytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Péraud ◽  
Andy Nonaka ◽  
Anuj Chaudhri ◽  
John B. Bell ◽  
Aleksandar Donev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Fluctuating Hydrodynamics ◽  
Low Mach Number

scholarly journals An interface capturing method for liquid-gas flows at low-Mach number

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 104789
Author(s):  
Federico Dalla Barba ◽  
Nicoló Scapin ◽  
Andreas D. Demou ◽  
Marco E. Rosti ◽  
Francesco Picano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Low Mach Number ◽  
Interface Capturing
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