scholarly journals Research Spotlight: Simulating ocean carbon storage during the Last Glacial Maximum

Eos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
Ernie Tretkoff
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Influence of dynamic vegetation on climate change and terrestrial carbon storage in the Last Glacial Maximum

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O'ishi ◽  
A. Abe-Ouchi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Vegetation Feedback ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. When the climate is reconstructed from paleoevidence, it shows that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 000 yr ago) is cold and dry compared to the present-day. Reconstruction also shows that compared to today, the vegetation of the LGM is less active and the distribution of vegetation was drastically different, due to cold temperature, dryness, and a lower level of atmospheric CO2 concentration (185 ppm compared to a preindustrial level of 285 ppm). In the present paper, we investigate the influence of vegetation change on the climate of the LGM by using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation general circulation model (AOVGCM, the MIROC-LPJ). The MIROC-LPJ is different from earlier studies in the introduction of a bias correction method in individual running GCM experiments. We examined four GCM experiments (LGM and preindustrial, with and without vegetation feedback) and quantified the strength of the vegetation feedback during the LGM. The result shows that global-averaged cooling during the LGM is amplified by +13.5 % due to the introduction of vegetation feedback. This is mainly caused by the increase of land surface albedo due to the expansion of tundra in northern high latitudes and the desertification in northern middle latitudes around 30° N to 60° N. We also investigated how this change in climate affected the total terrestrial carbon storage by using offline Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM). Our result shows that the total terrestrial carbon storage was reduced by 597 PgC during the LGM, which corresponds to the emission of 282 ppm atmospheric CO2. In the LGM experiments, the global carbon distribution is generally the same whether the vegetation feedback to the atmosphere is included or not. However, the inclusion of vegetation feedback causes substantial terrestrial carbon storage change, especially in explaining the lowering of atmospheric CO2 during the LGM.

Northern Sourced Water dominated the Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frerk Pöppelmeier ◽  
Patrick Blaser ◽  
Marcus Gutjahr ◽  
Samuel Jaccard ◽  
Martin Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>Increased carbon sequestration in the ocean subsurface is commonly assumed to have been one of the main causes responsible for lower glacial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. This carbon must have been stored away from the atmosphere for thousands of years, yet the water mass structure accommodating such increased carbon storage continues to be debated. Here we present new sediment derived bottom water neodymium isotope data that allow fingerprinting of water masses and their mixtures and provide a more complete picture of the Atlantic overturning circulation geometry during the Last Glacial Maximums. These results suggest that the vertical and meridional structure of the Atlantic deep water mass distribution only experienced minor changes since the last ice age. In particular, we find no compelling evidence supporting glacial southern sourced water substantially expanding to shallower depths and farther into the northern hemisphere than today, which has been inferred from stable carbon isotope reconstructions. We argue that depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C values observed in the deep Northwest Atlantic do not necessarily indicate the presence of southern sourced water. Instead, these values may represent a northern sourced water mass with lower than modern preformed δ<sup>13</sup>C values that were further modified downstream by increased sequestration of remineralized carbon, facilitated by a more sluggish glacial deep circulation. If proven to be correct, the glacial water mass structure inferred from Nd isotopes has profound implications on our understanding of the deep ocean carbon storage during the Last Glacial Maximum.</p>

Modelling Global Vegetation Patterns and Terrestrial Carbon Storage at the Last Glacial Maximum

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colin Prentice ◽  
Martin T. Sykes ◽  
Michael Lautenschlager ◽  
Sandy P. Harrison ◽  
Olga Denissenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Carbon storage and continental land surface change since the last glacial maximum

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Faure ◽  
J.M. Adams ◽  
J.P. Debenay ◽  
L. Faure-Denard ◽  
D.R. Grants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Galbraith ◽  
Luke C. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Much of the global cooling during ice ages arose from changes in ocean carbon storage that lowered atmospheric CO2. A slew of mechanisms, both physical and biological, have been proposed as key drivers of these changes. Here we discuss the current understanding of these mechanisms with a focus on how they altered the theoretically defined soft-tissue and biological disequilibrium carbon storage at the peak of the last ice age. Observations and models indicate a role for Antarctic sea ice through its influence on ocean circulation patterns, but other mechanisms, including changes in biological processes, must have been important as well, and may have been coordinated through links with global air temperature. Further research is required to better quantify the contributions of the various mechanisms, and there remains great potential to use the Last Glacial Maximum and the ensuing global warming as natural experiments from which to learn about climate-driven changes in the marine ecosystem.

Carbon storage in Amazonia during the Last Glacial Maximum: secondary data and uncertainties

Chemosphere ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Turcq ◽  
Renato C. Cordeiro ◽  
Abdefettah Sifeddine ◽  
Francisco F.L. Simões Filho ◽  
Ana Luisa S. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Modeling the dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage since the Last Glacial Maximum

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 31-1-31-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed O. Kaplan ◽  
I. Colin Prentice ◽  
Wolfgang Knorr ◽  
Paul J. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Quantifying the roles of ocean circulation and biogeochemistry in governing ocean carbon-13 and atmospheric carbon dioxide at the last glacial maximum

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tagliabue ◽  
L. Bopp ◽  
D. M. Roche ◽  
N. Bouttes ◽  
J.-C. Dutay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. We use a state-of-the-art ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model to examine the impact of changes in ocean circulation and biogeochemistry in governing the change in ocean carbon-13 and atmospheric CO2 at the last glacial maximum (LGM). We examine 5 different realisations of the ocean's overturning circulation produced by a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model under LGM forcing and suggested changes in the atmospheric deposition of iron and phytoplankton physiology at the LGM. Measured changes in carbon-13 and carbon-14, as well as a qualitative reconstruction of the change in ocean carbon export are used to evaluate the results. Overall, we find that while a reduction in ocean ventilation at the LGM is necessary to reproduce carbon-13 and carbon-14 observations, this circulation results in a low net sink for atmospheric CO2. In contrast, while biogeochemical processes contribute little to carbon isotopes, we propose that most of the change in atmospheric CO2 was due to such factors. However, the lesser role for circulation means that when all plausible factors are accounted for, most of the necessary CO2 change remains to be explained. This presents a serious challenge to our understanding of the mechanisms behind changes in the global carbon cycle during the geologic past.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document