scholarly journals Origin of backstreaming electrons within the quasi-perpendicular foreshock region: Two-dimensional self-consistent PIC simulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (A9) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Savoini ◽  
B. Lembége ◽  
J. Stienlet
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pic Simulation ◽  
Self Consistent

CESIUM-INDUCED QUANTIZED 2D ELECTRON CHANNEL ON THE InAs(110) SURFACE

1995 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. YU. ARISTOV ◽  
G. LE LAY ◽  
M. GREHK ◽  
V.M. ZHILIN ◽  
A. TALEB-IBRAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Electron ◽  
Discrete Energy ◽  
Electron Channel ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Electron Photoemission

We present the first clear evidence of electron emission arising directly from a quantized two-dimensional electron channel from the InAs (110) surface covered by a few Cs atoms (≈ 0.01 Cs ML). Spectral features observed by photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation reveal discrete-energy electronic states resulting from quantization in the direction normal to the surface. The electron photoemission originates from the vicinities of [Formula: see text] points in the first and second surface Brillouin zones corresponding to the bottom of the conduction band. These findings are in agreement with self-consistent theoretical energy-level calculations using a jellium-like model.

Two-Dimensional Hybrid-PIC Simulation of Magnetic Sail Including Interplanetary Magnetic Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Masaharu MATSUMOTO ◽  
Yoshihiro KAJIMURA ◽  
Hideyuki USUI ◽  
Ikkoh FUNAKI ◽  
Iku SHINOHARA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pic Simulation

scholarly journals DIFFICULTIES OF AN INFRARED EXTENSION OF DIFFERENTIAL RENORMALIZATION

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 1067-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. AVDEEV ◽  
D. I. KAZAKOV ◽  
I. N. KONDRASHUK
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Test Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Differential Identities ◽  
Feynman Integrals ◽  
Differential Renormalization ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Infrared Singularities

We investigate the possibility of generalizing the differential renormalization of D. Z. Freedman, K. Johnson and J. I. Latorre in an invariant fashion to theories with infrared divergencies via an infrared [Formula: see text] operation. Two-dimensional σ models and the four-dimensional ɸ4-theory diagrams with exceptional momenta are used as examples, while dimensional renormalization serves as a test scheme for comparison. We write the basic differential identities of the method simultaneously in co-ordinate and momentum space, introducing two scales which remove ultraviolet and infrared singularities. A consistent set of Fourier-transformation formulae is derived. However, the values for tadpole-type Feynman integrals in higher orders of perturbation theory prove to be ambiguous, depending on the order of evaluation of the subgraphs. In two dimensions, even earlier than this ambiguity manifests itself, renormalization-group calculations based on the infrared extension of differential renormalization lead to incorrect results. We conclude that the procedure of extended differential renormalization does not perform the infrared [Formula: see text] operation in a self-consistent way.

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