scholarly journals Spatial relationships between soil moisture patterns and topographic variables at multiple scales in a humid temperate forested catchment

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève A. Ali ◽  
André G. Roy ◽  
Pierre Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Forested Catchment

scholarly journals Meteorological, soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater data from the St Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K. P. Bam ◽  
Rosa Brannen ◽  
Sujata Budhathoki ◽  
Andrew M. Ireson ◽  
Chris Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater

Abstract. Long-term meteorological, soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater data provide information on past climate change, most notably information that can be used to analyze past changes in precipitation and groundwater availability in a region. These data are also valuable to test, calibrate and validate hydrological and climate models. CCRN (Changing Cold Regions Network) is a collaborative research network that brought together a team of over 40 experts from 8 universities and 4 federal government agencies in Canada for 5 years (2013–18) through the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research (CCAR) Initiative of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The working group aimed to integrate existing and new data with improved predictive and observational tools to understand, diagnose and predict interactions amongst the cryospheric, ecological, hydrological, and climatic components of the changing Earth system at multiple scales, with a geographic focus on the rapidly changing cold interior of Western Canada. The St Denis National Wildlife Area database contains data for the prairie research site, St Denis National Wildlife Research Area, and includes atmosphere, soil, and groundwater. The meteorological measurements are observed every 5 seconds, and half-hourly averages (or totals) are logged. Soil moisture data comprise volumetric water content, soil temperature, electrical conductivity and matric potential for probes installed at depths of 5 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm and 300 cm in all soil profiles. Additional data on snow surveys, pond and groundwater levels, and water isotope isotopes collected on an intermittent basis between 1968 and 2018 are also presented including information on the dates and ground elevations (datum) used to construct hydraulic heads. The metadata table provides location information, information about the full range of measurements carried out on each parameter and GPS locations that are relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0115.

scholarly journals Spatially periodic activation patterns of retrosplenial cortex encode route sub-spaces and distance travelled

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Alexander ◽  
Douglas A. Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Spatially Periodic

AbstractTraversal of a complicated route is often facilitated by considering it as a set of related sub-spaces. Such compartmentalization processes could occur within retrosplenial cortex, a structure whose neurons simultaneously encode position within routes and other spatial coordinate systems. Here, retrosplenial cortex neurons were recorded as rats traversed a track having recurrent structure at multiple scales. Consistent with a major role in compartmentalization of complex routes, individual RSC neurons exhibited periodic activation patterns that repeated across route segments having the same shape. Concurrently, a larger population of RSC neurons exhibited single-cycle periodicity over the full route, effectively defining a framework for encoding of sub-route positions relative to the whole. The same population simultaneously provides a novel metric for distance from each route position to all others. Together, the findings implicate retrosplenial cortex in the extraction of path sub-spaces, the encoding of their spatial relationships to each other, and path integration.

scholarly journals A quasi-three-dimensional model for predicting rainfall-runoff processes in a forested catchment in Southern Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koivusalo ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
A. Lepistö
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

Abstract. Runoff generation in a forested catchment (0.18 km2) was simulated using a quasi-three-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. The model was formulated over a finite grid where water movement was assumed to be dominantly vertical in the unsaturated soil zone and horizontal in the saturated soil. The vertical soil moisture distribution at each grid cell was calculated using a conceptual approximation to the one-dimensional Richards equation. The approximation allowed the use of a simple soil surface boundary condition and an efficient solution to the water table elevation over the finite grid. The approximation was coupled with a two-dimensional ground water model to calculate lateral soil water movement between the grid cells and exfiltration over saturated areas, where runoff was produced by the saturation-excess mechanism. Runoff was an input to a channel network, which was modelled as a nonlinear reservoir. The proposed approximation for the vertical soil moisture distribution in unsaturated soil compared well to a numerical solution of the Richards equation during shallow water table conditions, but was less satisfactory during prolonged dry periods. The simulation of daily catchment outflow was successful with the exception of underprediction of extremely high peak flows. The calculated water table depth compared satisfactorily with the measurements. An overall comparison with the earlier results of tracer studies indicated that the modelled contribution of direct rainfall/snowmelt in streamflow was higher than the isotopically traced fraction of event-water in runoff. The seasonal variation in the modelled runoff-contributing areas was similar to that in the event-water-contributing areas from the tracer analysis.

scholarly journals Validation of a mesoscale hydrological model in a small-scale forested catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Šípek ◽  
Miroslav Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Simulation Efficiency ◽  
Model Response ◽  
Ecohydrological Model

The aim of this study was to examine the abilities of the mesoscale ecohydrological model Soil And Water Integrated Model (SWIM) to simulate discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater dynamics in a small-scale forested catchment. Moreover, the influence of two lateral flow computation techniques on the simulation efficiency was assessed. Generally, the discharges were simulated poorly. Groundwater level was estimated reasonably taking into account that the model was not designed for small-scale catchments. The soil moisture simulation exhibited good correspondence with the observed data in the warmer season (April–August). Both the dynamics and the magnitude were estimated sufficiently well. On the other hand, the colder season does not comply satisfactorily with the modelled data, as the decline of moisture content (in the non-precipitation periods) has no model response. The kinematic storage method was found to be more reliable in the case of a small-scale forested catchment compared to the exponential storage lateral flow estimation approach.

scholarly journals The pan-tropical response of soil moisture to El Niño

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt C. Solander ◽  
Brent D. Newman ◽  
Alessandro Carioca de Aruajo ◽  
Holly R. Barnard ◽  
Z. Carter Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract. The 2015–16 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997–98 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015–16 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25°) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982–83, 1997–98, and 2015–16, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we validate the soil moisture estimates from GLDAS through comparison with in-situ observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents, showing an r2 of 0.54. Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeast Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over east Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, Sahel and mainland southeast Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.

scholarly journals An individual-based forest model links canopy dynamics and shade tolerances along a soil moisture gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Liénard ◽  
Nikolay Strigul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Closed Canopy

Understanding how forested ecosystems respond to climatic changes is a challenging problem as forest self-organization occurs simultaneously across multiple scales. Here, we explore the hypothesis that soil water availability shapes above-ground competition and gap dynamics, and ultimately alters the dominance of shade tolerant and intolerant species along the moisture gradient. We adapt a spatially explicit individual-based model with simultaneous crown and root competitions. Simulations show that the transition from xeric to mesic soils is accompanied by an increase in shade-tolerant species similar to the patterns documented in the North American forests. This transition is accompanied by a change from water to sunlight competitions, and happens at three successive stages: (i) mostly water-limited parkland, (ii) simultaneously water- and sunlight-limited closed canopy forests featuring a very sparse understory, and (iii) mostly sunlight-limited forests with a populated understory. This pattern is caused by contrasting successional dynamics that favour either shade-tolerant or shade-intolerant species, depending on soil moisture and understory density. This work demonstrates that forest patterns along environmental gradients can emerge from spatial competition without physiological trade-offs between shade and growth tolerance. Mechanistic understanding of population processes involved in the forest–parkland–desert transition will improve our ability to explain species distributions and predict forest responses to climatic changes.

Identifying spatial relationships at multiple scales: principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and geostatistical approaches

Ecography ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwige Bellier ◽  
Pascal Monestiez ◽  
Jean-Pierre Durbec ◽  
Jean-Noël Candau
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Principal Coordinates

scholarly journals An Empirical Orthogonal Function-Based Approach for Spatially- and Temporally-Extensive Soil Moisture Data Combination

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2919
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Rongjiang Yao ◽  
Wentao Jiao ◽  
Robert Lee Hill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Function ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Orthogonal Function ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Novel Approach

Modeling and prediction of soil hydrologic processes require identifying soil moisture spatial-temporal patterns and effective methods allowing the data observations to be used across different spatial and temporal scales. This work presents a methodology for combining spatially- and temporally-extensive soil moisture datasets obtained in the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) from 2004 to 2010. The soil moisture was investigated based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The dominant soil moisture patterns were derived and further correlated with the soil-terrain attributes in the study area. The EOF analyses indicated that one or two EOFs of soil moisture could explain 76–89% of data variation. The primary EOF pattern had high values clustered in the valley region and, conversely, low values located in the sloping hills, with a depth-dependent correlation to which curvature, depth to bedrock, and topographic wetness index at the intermediate depths (0.4 m) exhibited the highest contributions. We suggest a novel approach to integrating the spatially-extensive manually measured datasets with the temporally-extensive automatically monitored datasets. Given the data accessibility, the current data merging framework has provided the methodology for the coupling of the mapped and monitored soil moisture datasets, as well as the conceptual coupling of slow and fast pedologic and hydrologic functions. This successful coupling implies that a combination of diverse and extensive moisture data has provided a solution of data use efficiency and, thus, exciting insights into the understanding of hydrological processes at multiple scales.

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