scholarly journals Dissolved methane distribution in the South Pacific and the Southern Ocean in austral summer

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (C7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Yoshida ◽  
Hisayuki Y. Inoue ◽  
Shuichi Watanabe ◽  
Koji Suzuki ◽  
Shinichiro Noriki
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Methane Distribution

scholarly journals Regional cooling in the South Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean due to global warming

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Norikazu Nakashiki ◽  
Yoshikatsu Yoshida ◽  
Koki Maruyama ◽  
Frank O. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Ocean Warming Effect on Surface Gravity Wave Climate Change for the End of the Twenty-First Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 6046-6066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Fan ◽  
Isaac M. Held ◽  
Shian-Jiann Lin ◽  
Xiaolan L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
First Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract Surface wind (U10) and significant wave height (Hs) response to global warming are investigated using a coupled atmosphere–wave model by perturbing the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with anomalies generated by the Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) scenario late in the twenty-first century. Several consistent changes were observed across all four realizations for the seasonal means: robust increase of U10 and Hs in the Southern Ocean for both the austral summer and winter due to the poleward shift of the jet stream; a dipole pattern of the U10 and Hs with increases in the northeast sector and decreases at the midlatitude during boreal winter in the North Atlantic due to the more frequent occurrence of the positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); and strong decrease of U10 and Hs in the tropical western Pacific Ocean during austral summer, which might be caused by the joint effect of the weakening of the Walker circulation and the large hurricane frequency decrease in the South Pacific. Changes of the 99th percentile U10 and Hs are twice as strong as changes in the seasonal means, and the maximum changes are mainly dominated by the changes in hurricanes. Robust strong decreases of U10 and Hs in the South Pacific are obtained because of the large hurricane frequency decrease, while the results in the Northern Hemisphere basins differ among the models. An additional sensitivity experiment suggests that the qualitative response of U10 and Hs is not affected by using SST anomalies only and maintaining the radiative forcing unchanged (using 1980 values), as in this study.

scholarly journals Phosphate availability and the ultimate control of new nitrogen input by nitrogen fixation in the tropical Pacific Ocean

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Moutin ◽  
D. M. Karl ◽  
S. Duhamel ◽  
P. Rimmelin ◽  
P. Raimbault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
The South ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
The North

Abstract. Due to the low atmospheric input of phosphate into the open ocean, it is one of the key nutrients that could ultimately control primary production and carbon export into the deep ocean. The observed trend over the last 20 years, has shown a decrease in the dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) pool in the North Pacific gyre, which has been correlated to the increase in di-nitrogen (N2) fixation rates. Following a NW-SE transect, in the Southeast Pacific during the early austral summer (BIOSOPE cruise), we present data on DIP, dissolved organic phosphate (DOP), and particulate phosphate (PP) pools and DIP turnover times (TDIP) along with N2 fixation rates. We observed a decrease in DIP concentration from the edges to the centre of the gyre. Nevertheless the DIP concentrations remained above 100 nmol L−1 and TDIP were more than a month in the centre of the gyre: DIP availability remained largely above the level required for phosphate limitation. This contrasts with recent observations in the western Pacific Ocean at the same latitude (DIAPALIS cruises) where lower DIP concentrations (<20 nmol L−1) and TDIP<50 h were measured during the summer season. During the BIOSOPE cruise, N2 fixation rates were higher within the cold water upwelling near the Chilean coast. This observation contrasts with recently obtained model output for N2 fixation distribution in the South Pacific area and emphasises the importance of studying the main factors controlling this process. The South Pacific gyre can be considered a High P Low Chlorophyll (HPLC) oligotrophic area, which could potentially support high N2 fixation rates, and possibly carbon dioxide sequestration, if the primary ecophysiological controls, temperature and/or iron availability, were alleviated.

Chemical Compositon of ferromanganese Nodules from the Southern Ocean.

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Pettis ◽  
A de Forest
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Ferromanganese Nodules ◽  
South West

Ferromanganese nodules from the Southern Ocean, south-west of Cape Leeuwin, W.A., were chemically analysed for the elements Al, Ag, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ca, Fe, K, Mo, Ni, Pb, Mg, Mn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. Preliminary attempts were made to compare the analyses with nodules from other fields in the South Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

scholarly journals South Pacific Ocean Dipole: A Predictable Mode on Multiseasonal Time Scales

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1648-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Guan ◽  
Jieshun Zhu ◽  
Bohua Huang ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu ◽  
James L. Kinter III
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
South Indian

Abstract Evaluating the climate hindcasts for 1982–2009 from the NCEP CFS Reanalysis and Reforecast (CFSRR) project using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), this study identifies substantial areas of high prediction skill of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the South Pacific. The skill is the highest in the extratropical oceans on seasonal-to-interannual time scales, and it is only slightly lower than that for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Two regions with the highest prediction skills in the South Pacific in both the CFSv2 and persistence hindcasts coincide with the active centers of opposite signs in the South Pacific Ocean dipole (SPOD) mode, a seesaw between the subtropical and extratropical SST in the South Pacific with a strong phase locking to austral summer. Interestingly, the CFSv2 prediction exhibits skillful predictions made three seasons ahead, more superior to the persistence forecast, suggesting significant dynamical predictability of the SPOD. An austral “spring predictability barrier” is noted in both the dynamical and persistence hindcasts. An analysis of the observational and model data suggests that the SPOD mode is significantly associated with ENSO, as an oceanic response to the atmospheric planetary wave trains forced by the anomalous atmospheric heating in the western Pacific. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the pattern of subtropical SST dipole is ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean, the SPOD has been least known and studied, compared with its counterparts in the south Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Since the SPOD is the most predictable oceanic mode in the whole Southern Hemisphere, its climate effects for local and remote regions should be further studied.

scholarly journals Introduction to the special section Bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Claustre ◽  
A. Sciandra ◽  
D. Vaulot
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
South Pacific Gyre

Abstract. The objectives of the BIOSOPE (BIogeochemistry and Optics SOuth Pacific Experiment) project was to study, during the austral summer, the biological, biogeochemical and bio-optical properties of different trophic regimes in the South East Pacific: the eutrophic zone associated with the upwelling regime of the Chilean coast, he mesotrophic area associated with the plume of the Marquises Islands in the HNLC (High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll) waters of this subequatorial area, and the extremely oligotrophic area associated with the central part of the South Pacific Gyre (SPG). At the end of 2004, a 55-day international cruise with 32 scientists on board took place between Tahiti and Chile, crossing the SPG along a North-West South-East transect. This paper describes in detail the objective of the BIOSOPE project, the implementation plan of the cruise, the main hydrological entities encountered along the ~8000 km South East pacific transect and ends with a general overview of the papers published in this Biogeosciences special issue.

scholarly journals Composición y abundancia taxonómica del zooplancton desde el Pacífico Sur hasta la Península Antártica 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUZ HELENA MOJICA-LÓPEZ ◽  
ANDRÉS FRANCO-HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
The South ◽  
Mesozooplankton Community ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

With the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of the zooplankton associated with the water masses present along a latitudinal gradient from Peru to the Antarctic Peninsula, 14 samples were obtained, with a conical net of 250 μm mesh size and 60 cm of mouth diameter, towed from 0 to 200 m water depth, within the III Scientific Expedition of Colombia to Antarctica “Almirante Padilla”(Austral Summer 2016-2017). The results allowed to determine a total of 75 family/morphotypes (f/m), belonging to 32 orders. The orders Calanoida (20%) and Perciformes (12%) predominated in this study. Fish eggs and larvae, in addition to bivalves, and cypris, salps and other gelatinous organisms contributed with 54% of importance. In relation to density, the families of the subclass Copepoda, Calanidae, Paracalanidae,Clausocalanidae, Oncaeidae and Eucalanidae were the most representative. Calanidae family showed the highest density across the latitudinal gradient, with values between 1594 ind • 100 m-3 and 6057 ind • 100 m-3. The highest densities of zooplankton were for the South Pacific, wheredifferences were found with respect to the densities in the Antarctic stations (Mood: 1.4 p-value: 0.24 α: 0.05 and 95% confidence). However, the cluster analysis showed an association between stations in relation to abundance of zooplankton in this study and found a Pearson correlationof 0.95 with this it can be concluded that if there is a ecological connectivity between the mesozooplankton community along the South Pacific, which is attributed to the system of currents that plays an important role in the distribution of this community, as well as events of deep water upwellings that allow to find cosmopolitan families.

scholarly journals The Influence of South Pacific Convergence Zone Heating on the South Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Fahad ◽  
Natalie J. Burls ◽  
Erik T. Swenson ◽  
David M. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
South Pacific Convergence Zone ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Subtropical Anticyclone ◽  
South Indian

AbstractSubtropical anticyclones and midlatitude storm tracks are key components of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Focusing on the southern hemisphere, the seasonality of the three dominant subtropical anticyclones, situated over the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and South Indian Ocean basins, has a large influence on local weather and climate within South America, Southern Africa, and Australia, respectively. Generally speaking, sea level pressure within the southern hemisphere subtropics reaches its seasonal maximum during the winter season when the southern hemisphere Hadley Cell is at its strongest. One exception to this is the seasonal evolution of the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone. While winter maxima are seen in the South Atlantic and South Indian subtropical anticyclones, the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone reaches its seasonal maximum during local spring with elevated values extending into summer. In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that the strength of the austral summer South Pacific subtropical anticyclone is largely due to heating over the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Using added cooling and heating atmospheric-general-circulation-model experiments to artificially change the strength of austral summer diabatic heating over the South Pacific Convergence Zone, our results show that increased heating, through increased upper-level divergence, triggers a Rossby wave train that extends into the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. This propagating Rossby wave train creates a high-low sea level pressure pattern that projects onto the center of the South Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone to intensify its area and strength.

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