scholarly journals Footprint of temperature changes in the temperate and boreal forest carbon balance

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilong Piao ◽  
Pierre Friedlingstein ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Philippe Peylin ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Temperature Changes

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Boreal Forest Carbon Balance to Soil Thaw

Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 279 (5348) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Goulden ◽  
S. C. Wofsy ◽  
J. W. Harden ◽  
S. E. Trumbore ◽  
P. M. Crill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Carbon

scholarly journals Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance

Nature ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 450 (7166) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bond-Lamberty ◽  
Scott D. Peckham ◽  
Douglas E. Ahl ◽  
Stith T. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

scholarly journals Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 8233-8252 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yue ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
P. Cadule ◽  
J. Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. Stand-replacing fires are the dominant fire type in North American boreal forests. They leave a historical legacy of a mosaic landscape of different aged forest cohorts. This forest age dynamics must be included in vegetation models to accurately quantify the role of fire in the historical and current regional forest carbon balance. The present study adapted the global process-based vegetation model ORCHIDEE to simulate the CO2 emissions from boreal forest fire and the subsequent recovery after a stand-replacing fire; the model represents postfire new cohort establishment, forest stand structure and the self-thinning process. Simulation results are evaluated against observations of three clusters of postfire forest chronosequences in Canada and Alaska. The variables evaluated include: fire carbon emissions, CO2 fluxes (gross primary production, total ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange), leaf area index, and biometric measurements (aboveground biomass carbon, forest floor carbon, woody debris carbon, stand individual density, stand basal area, and mean diameter at breast height). When forced by local climate and the atmospheric CO2 history at each chronosequence site, the model simulations generally match the observed CO2 fluxes and carbon stock data well, with model-measurement mean square root of deviation comparable with the measurement accuracy (for CO2 flux ~100 g C m−2 yr−1, for biomass carbon ~1000 g C m−2 and for soil carbon ~2000 g C m−2). We find that the current postfire forest carbon sink at the evaluation sites, as observed by chronosequence methods, is mainly due to a combination of historical CO2 increase and forest succession. Climate change and variability during this period offsets some of these expected carbon gains. The negative impacts of climate were a likely consequence of increasing water stress caused by significant temperature increases that were not matched by concurrent increases in precipitation. Our simulation results demonstrate that a global vegetation model such as ORCHIDEE is able to capture the essential ecosystem processes in fire-disturbed boreal forests and produces satisfactory results in terms of both carbon fluxes and carbon-stock evolution after fire. This makes the model suitable for regional simulations in boreal regions where fire regimes play a key role in the ecosystem carbon balance.

scholarly journals Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 7299-7366 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yue ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
P. Cadule ◽  
J. Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. Stand-replacing fires are the dominant fire type in North American boreal forest and leave a historical legacy of a mosaic landscape of different aged forest cohorts. To accurately quantify the role of fire in historical and current regional forest carbon balance using models, one needs to explicitly simulate the new forest cohort that is established after fire. The present study adapted the global process-based vegetation model ORCHIDEE to simulate boreal forest fire CO2 emissions and follow-up recovery after a stand-replacing fire, with representation of postfire new cohort establishment, forest stand structure and the following self-thinning process. Simulation results are evaluated against three clusters of postfire forest chronosequence observations in Canada and Alaska. Evaluation variables for simulated postfire carbon dynamics include: fire carbon emissions, CO2 fluxes (gross primary production, total ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange), leaf area index (LAI), and biometric measurements (aboveground biomass carbon, forest floor carbon, woody debris carbon, stand individual density, stand basal area, and mean diameter at breast height). The model simulation results, when forced by local climate and the atmospheric CO2 history on each chronosequence site, generally match the observed CO2 fluxes and carbon stock data well, with model-measurement mean square root of deviation comparable with measurement accuracy (for CO2 flux ~100 g C m−2 yr−1, for biomass carbon ~1000 g C m−2 and for soil carbon ~2000 g C m−2). We find that current postfire forest carbon sink on evaluation sites observed by chronosequence methods is mainly driven by historical atmospheric CO2 increase when forests recover from fire disturbance. Historical climate generally exerts a negative effect, probably due to increasing water stress caused by significant temperature increase without sufficient increase in precipitation. Our simulation results demonstrate that a global vegetation model such as ORCHIDEE is able to capture the essential ecosystem processes in fire-disturbed boreal forests and produces satisfactory results in terms of both carbon fluxes and carbon stocks evolution after fire, making it suitable for regional simulations in boreal regions where fire regimes play a key role on ecosystem carbon balance.

scholarly journals Forest bioenergy harvesting changes carbon balance and risks biodiversity in boreal forest landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1184-1193
Author(s):  
Anna Repo ◽  
Kyle Eyvindson ◽  
Panu Halme ◽  
Mikko Mönkkönen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Forest Residue ◽  
Forest Residue Harvesting

Climate solutions relying on forest bioenergy may be in conflict with carbon sequestration and storage by forests as well as conservation of biodiversity. We quantified effects of forest-residue harvesting for bioenergy on both forest carbon balance and biodiversity in a boreal forest landscape. Through a modeling framework, we simulated forest development in four real watersheds with three scenarios: (i) with and (ii) without forest-residue harvesting and (iii) set aside to study the conservation potential of these landscapes in the future without management. We simulated changes in the forest carbon stocks and in the quality and quantity of deadwood resources for 100 years and combined this information with the information on species habitat associations based on expert judgements. In this study, current practices of slash and stump harvesting reduced forest carbon stocks and deadwood volumes at the landscape scale and, consequently, halved the emissions savings that can be obtained with bioenergy. In addition, logging-residue harvesting reduced 15%–21% of the combined species conservation capacity of the landscape for red-listed, saproxylic species compared with forest management without bioenergy harvesting. Furthermore, the results indicated a potential conflict between areas of high bioenergy potential and high conservation potential.

scholarly journals Addendum: Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Martínez ◽  
S. Vicca ◽  
I. A. Janssens ◽  
J. Sardans ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Forest Carbon

scholarly journals Forests: Carbon sequestration, biomass energy, or both?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. eaay6792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Favero ◽  
Adam Daigneault ◽  
Brent Sohngen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Forest Carbon Sequestration

There is a continuing debate over the role that woody bioenergy plays in climate mitigation. This paper clarifies this controversy and illustrates the impacts of woody biomass demand on forest harvests, prices, timber management investments and intensity, forest area, and the resulting carbon balance under different climate mitigation policies. Increased bioenergy demand increases forest carbon stocks thanks to afforestation activities and more intensive management relative to a no-bioenergy case. Some natural forests, however, are converted to more intensive management, with potential biodiversity losses. Incentivizing both wood-based bioenergy and forest sequestration could increase carbon sequestration and conserve natural forests simultaneously. We conclude that the expanded use of wood for bioenergy will result in net carbon benefits, but an efficient policy also needs to regulate forest carbon sequestration.

The Net Landscape Carbon Balance—Integrating terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes in a managed boreal forest landscape in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2353-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshu Chi ◽  
Mats B. Nilsson ◽  
Hjalmar Laudon ◽  
Anders Lindroth ◽  
Jörgen Wallerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Forest Landscape

Multi-objective forestry increases the production of ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olalla Díaz-Yáñez ◽  
Timo Pukkala ◽  
Petteri Packalen ◽  
Manfred J Lexer ◽  
Heli Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Continuous Cover Forestry

Abstract Boreal forests produce multiple ecosystem services for the society. Their trade-offs determine whether they should be produced simultaneously or whether it is preferable to assign separate areas to different ecosystem services. We use simulation and optimization to analyse the correlations, trade-offs and production levels of several ecosystem services in single- and multi-objective forestry over 100 years in a boreal forest landscape. The case study area covers 3600 ha of boreal forest, consisting of 3365 stands. The ecosystem services and their indicators (in parentheses) considered are carbon sequestration (forestry carbon balance), biodiversity (amount of deadwood and broadleaf volume), economic profitability of forestry (net present value of timber production) and timber supply to forest industry (volume of harvested timber). The treatment alternatives simulated for each of the stands include both even-aged rotation forestry (thinning from above with clear cut) and continuous cover forestry regimes (thinning from above with no clear cut). First, we develop 200 Pareto optimal plans by maximizing multi-attribute utility functions using random weights for the ecosystem service indicators. Second, we compare the average level of ecosystem services in single- and multi-objective forestry. Based on our findings, forestry carbon balance and the amount of deadwood correlate positively with each other, and both of them correlate negatively with harvested timber volume and economic profitability of forestry. Despite this, the simultaneous maximization of multiple objectives increased the overall production levels of several ecosystem services, which suggests that the management of boreal forests should be multi-objective to sustain the simultaneous provision of timber and other ecosystem services.

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