scholarly journals Projected changes in components of the hydrological cycle in French river basins during the 21st century

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Boé ◽  
L. Terray ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
F. Habets
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
French River

Projected Changes in Water Balance Components of 11 Large River Basins during the 21st Century and Their Uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-675
Author(s):  
O. N. Nasonova ◽  
Ye. M. Gusev ◽  
E. E. Kovalev ◽  
G. V. Ayzel ◽  
M. K. Chebanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Large River ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Large River Basins

scholarly journals Seasonality of the hydrological cycle in major South and Southeast Asian River Basins as simulated by PCMDI/CMIP3 experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hasson ◽  
V. Lucarini ◽  
S. Pascale ◽  
J. Böhner
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract. In this study, we investigate how PCMDI/CMIP3 general circulation models (GCMs) represent the seasonal properties of the hydrological cycle in four major South and Southeast Asian river basins (Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra and Mekong). First, we examine the skill of GCMs by analysing their simulations for the XX century climate (1961–2000) under present-day forcing, and then we analyse the projected changes for the corresponding XXI and XXII century climates under SRESA1B scenario. CMIP3 GCMs show a varying degree of skill in simulating the basic characteristics of the monsoonal precipitation regimes of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong basins, while the representation of the hydrological cycle over the Indus basin is poor in most cases, with few GCMs not capturing the monsoon signal at all. Although the models' outputs feature a remarkable spread for the monsoonal precipitations, a satisfactory representation of the western mid-latitude precipitation regime is instead observed. Similarly, most of the models exhibit a satisfactory agreement for the basin-integrated runoff in winter and spring, while the spread is large for the runoff during the monsoon season. For future climate scenarios, winter (spring) P − E decreases over all four (Indus and Ganges) basins due to decrease in precipitation associated with the western mid-latitude disturbances. Consequently, the spring (winter) runoff drops (rises) for the Indus and Ganges basins. Such changes indicate a shift from rather glacial and nival to more pluvial runoff regimes, particularly for the Indus basin. Furthermore, the rise in the projected runoff along with the increase in precipitations during summer and autumn indicates an intensification of the summer monsoon regime for all study basins.

Current water recycling initiatives in Australia: scenarios for the 21st century

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
Current Water

Australia is a relatively dry continent with an average runoff of 50 mm per year. The use of water resources in some river basins is approaching the limits of sustainability. Some adverse environmental impacts have been observed resulting from water diversions and from both reclaimed water and stormwater discharges. The paper describes current water recycling initiatives in Australia. These include: beneficial reuse of reclaimed water for urban, residential, industrial and agricultural purposes; recycling of greywater and stormwater; advanced treatment using membrane technology; and water efficient urban design. Some possible water recycling scenarios for Australia in the 21st century are examined. The implications of these scenarios are discussed.

Projected changes in extreme precipitation over eastern Asia in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 3701-3713
Author(s):  
Chenghai Wang ◽  
Danyang Cui ◽  
Jerasorn Santisirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Projected Changes

scholarly journals Biotic and Human Vulnerability to Projected Changes in Ocean Biogeochemistry over the 21st Century

PLoS Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e1001682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Mora ◽  
Chih-Lin Wei ◽  
Audrey Rollo ◽  
Teresa Amaro ◽  
Amy R. Baco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Ocean Biogeochemistry ◽  
Projected Changes

Strong sensitivity of late 21st century climate to projected changes in short-lived air pollutants

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (D6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Levy ◽  
M. Daniel Schwarzkopf ◽  
Larry Horowitz ◽  
V. Ramaswamy ◽  
K. L. Findell
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Late 21St Century ◽  
Projected Changes

Mediterranean climate change projections: an update from CMIP5 and CMIP6.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Cos ◽  
Francisco J Doblas-Reyes ◽  
Martin Jury
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Weighting Scheme ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
High Emission ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Model Ensembles ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Model Weighting

<p>The Mediterranean has been identified as a climate change hot-spot due to increased warming trends and precipitation decline. Recently, CMIP6 was found to show a higher climate sensitivity than its predecessor CMIP5, potentially further exacerbating related impacts on the Mediterranean region.</p><p>To estimate the impacts of the ongoing climate change on the region, we compare projections of various CMIP5 and CMIP6 experiments and scenarios. In particular, we focus on summer and winter changes in temperature and precipitation for the 21st century under RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6, RCP4.5/SSP2-4.5 and RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5 as well as the high resolution HighResMIP experiments. Additionally, to give robust estimates of projected changes we apply a novel model weighting scheme, accounting for historical performance and inter-independence of the multi-member multi-model ensembles, using ERA5, JRA55 and WFDE5 as observational reference. </p><p>Our results indicate a significant and robust warming over the Mediterranean during the 21st century irrespective of the used ensemble and experiments. Nevertheless, the often attested amplified Mediterranean warming is only found for summer. The projected changes vary between the CMIP5 and CMIP6, with the latter projecting a stronger warming. For the high emission scenarios and without weighting, CMIP5 indicates a warming between 4 and 7.7ºC in summer and 2.7 and 5ºC in winter, while CMIP6 projects temperature increases between 5.6 and 9.2ºC in summer and 3.2 to 6.8ºC in winter until 2081-2100 in respect to 1985-2005. In contrast to temperature, precipitation changes show a higher level of uncertainty and spatial heterogeneity. However, for the high emission scenario, a robust decline in precipitation is projected for large parts of the Mediterranean during summer. First results applying the model weighting scheme indicate reductions in CMIP6 and increases in CMIP5 warming trends, thereby reducing differences between the two ensembles.</p>

Projected changes in pyroconvective conditions in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Senande-Rivera ◽  
Gonzalo Miguez-Macho
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wildfire Spread ◽  
Projected Changes

<p>Extreme wildfire events associated with strong pyroconvection have gained the attention of the scientific community and the society in recent years. Strong convection in the fire plume can influence fire behaviour, as downdrafts can cause abrupt variations in surface wind direction and speed that can result in bursts of unexpected fire propagation. Climate change is expected to increase the length of the fire season and the extreme wildfire potential, so the risk of pyroconvection occurence might be also altered. Here, we analyse atmospheric stability and near-surface fire weather conditions in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 21st century to assess the projected changes in pyroconvective risk during favourable weather conditions for wildfire spread.  </p>

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