scholarly journals Evidence and theory for trapped electrons in guide field magnetotail reconnection

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (A12) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Egedal ◽  
W. Fox ◽  
N. Katz ◽  
M. Porkolab ◽  
M. Øieroset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trapped Electrons ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Magnetotail Reconnection

Effects of trapped electrons and impurity ions on ITG modes in reversed-field pinch plasmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 45002
Author(s):  
J. C. Li ◽  
S. F. Liu ◽  
W. Kong ◽  
S. C. Guo ◽  
J. Q. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Reversed Field Pinch ◽  
Trapped Electrons ◽  
Impurity Ions ◽  
Reversed Field

scholarly journals Distribution, ecology and conservation of an endangered Andean hummingbird: the Violet-throated Metaltail (Metallura baroni)

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
BORIS A. TINOCO ◽  
PEDRO X. ASTUDILLO ◽  
STEVEN C. LATTA ◽  
CATHERINE H. GRAHAM
Keyword(s):  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
South Central ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Endangered Status

SummaryThe Violet-throated MetaltailMetallura baroniis a high altitude hummingbird endemic to south-central Ecuador currently considered globally ‘Endangered’. Here we present the first detailed assessment of its distribution, ecology and conservation. We first used a maximum entropy model (Maxent model) to create a predicted distribution for this species based on very limited species occurrence data. We used this model to guide field surveys for the species between April and October 2006. We found a positive relationship between model values and species presence, indicating that the model was a useful tool to predict species occurrence and guide exploration. In the sites where the metaltail was found we gathered data on its habitat requirements, food resources and behaviour. Our results indicate that Violet-throated Metaltail is restricted to the Western Cordillera of the Andes Mountains in Azuay and Cañar provinces of Ecuador, with an area of extent of less than 2,000 km2. Deep river canyons to the north and south, lack of suitable habitat, and potential interspecific competition in the east may limit the bird's distribution. The species occurred in three distinct habitats, includingPolylepiswoodland, the upper edge of the montane forest, and in shrubby paramo, but we found no difference in relative abundance among these habitats. The metaltail seems to tolerate moderate human intervention in its habitats as long as some native brushy cover is maintained. We found thatBrachyotumsp.,Berberissp., andBarnadesiasp. were important nectar resources. The ‘Endangered’ status of this species is supported due to its restricted distribution in fragmented habitats which are under increasing human pressures.

Coexistence of Itinerant Electrons and Self-Trapped Electrons

1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugo Suzuki ◽  
Yutaka Toyozawa
Keyword(s):  
Trapped Electrons ◽  
Itinerant Electrons

The role of electron heat flux in guide-field magnetic reconnection

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5387-5397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hesse ◽  
Masha Kuznetsova ◽  
Joachim Birn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Electron Heat
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