scholarly journals Comment on “Prediction of the 1-AU arrival times of CME-associated interplanetary shocks: Evaluation of an empirical interplanetary shock propagation model” by K.-H. Kim et al.

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (A10) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gopalswamy ◽  
H. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Interplanetary Shock ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Arrival Times

scholarly journals Cluster observations of sudden impulses in the magnetotail caused by interplanetary shocks and pressure increases

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. J. Huttunen ◽  
J. Slavin ◽  
M. Collier ◽  
H. E. J. Koskinen ◽  
A. Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Solar Wind Speed ◽  
Interplanetary Shock ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. Sudden impulses (SI) in the tail lobe magnetic field associated with solar wind pressure enhancements are investigated using measurements from Cluster. The magnetic field components during the SIs change in a manner consistent with the assumption that an antisunward moving lateral pressure enhancement compresses the magnetotail axisymmetrically. We found that the maximum variance SI unit vectors were nearly aligned with the associated interplanetary shock normals. For two of the tail lobe SI events during which Cluster was located close to the tail boundary, Cluster observed the inward moving magnetopause. During both events, the spacecraft location changed from the lobe to the magnetospheric boundary layer. During the event on 6 November 2001 the magnetopause was compressed past Cluster. We applied the 2-D Cartesian model developed by collier98 in which a vacuum uniform tail lobe magnetic field is compressed by a step-like pressure increase. The model underestimates the compression of the magnetic field, but it fits the magnetic field maximum variance component well. For events for which we could determine the shock normal orientation, the differences between the observed and calculated shock propagation times from the location of WIND/Geotail to the location of Cluster were small. The propagation speeds of the SIs between the Cluster spacecraft were comparable to the solar wind speed. Our results suggest that the observed tail lobe SIs are due to lateral increases in solar wind dynamic pressure outside the magnetotail boundary.

scholarly journals In situ local shock speed and transit shock speed

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Watari ◽  
T. Detman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
Interplanetary Shock ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Shock Speed ◽  
Interplanetary Physics ◽  
Speed Solar Wind ◽  
Transit Speed

Abstract. A useful index for estimating the transit speeds was derived by analyzing interplanetary shock observations. This index is the ratio of the in situ local shock speed and the transit speed; it is 0.6–0.9 for most observed shocks. The local shock speed and the transit speed calculated for the results of the magnetohydrodynamic simulation show good agreement with the observations. The relation expressed by the index is well explained by a simplified propagation model assuming a blast wave. For several shocks the ratio is approximately 1.2, implying that these shocks accelerated during propagation in slow-speed solar wind. This ratio is similar to that for the background solar wind acceleration.Keywords. Interplanetary physics (Flare and stream dynamics; Interplanetary shocks; Solar wind plasma)

Analysis Techniques for Modeling the Pressure Wave Effects of Guillotine Ruptures of Steam Lines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Becht ◽  
Frederick J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Pipe Geometry ◽  
Propagation Properties

The rupture of a pipe containing gas or steam at high pressure will cause a shock wave. In order to assess the potential damage that such a shock wave may cause to the surrounding structures, systems and components, it is necessary to determine the amplitude and propagation properties of the shock. A CFD model has been developed for the purpose of predicting shock propagation transients resulting from a sudden pipe rupture in terms of the fluid properties, pipe geometry, and surroundings. A simplified shock propagation model also is included, which offers verification of the CFD model results.

scholarly journals Wave-like global economic ripple response to Hurricane Sandy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Middelanis ◽  
Sven Norman Willner ◽  
Christian Otto ◽  
Kilian Kuhla ◽  
Lennart Quante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Interactions

Abstract Tropical cyclones range among the costliest disasters on Earth. Their economic repercussions along the supply and trade network also affect remote economies that are not directly affected. We here simulate possible global repercussions on consumption for the example case of Hurricane Sandy in the US (2012) using the shock-propagation model Acclimate. The modeled shock yields a global three-phase ripple: an initial production demand reduction and associated consumption price decrease, followed by a supply shortage with increasing prices, and finally a recovery phase. Regions with strong trade relations to the US experience strong magnitudes of the ripple. A dominating demand reduction or supply shortage leads to overall consumption gains or losses of a region, respectively. While finding these repercussions in historic data is challenging due to strong volatility of economic interactions, numerical models like ours can help to identify them by approaching the problem from an exploratory angle, isolating the effect of interest. For this, our model simulates the economic interactions of over 7,000 regional economic sectors, interlinked through about 1.8 million trade relations. Under global warming, the wave-like structures of the economic response to major hurricanes like the one simulated here are likely to intensify and potentially overlap with other weather extremes.

Simulating the global economic ripples after a major hurricane — the case of Hurricane Sandy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Middelanis ◽  
Sven N. Willnera ◽  
Christian Otto ◽  
Kilian Kuhla ◽  
Lennart Quante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Major Hurricane

Abstract Tropical cyclones range among the most severe disasters on Earth. Their economic repercussions along the supply and trade network also affect remote economies that are not directly affected. To find these repercussions in data is challenging due to the strong volatility of economic interactions. Numerical simulations can help to identify these ripples by approaching the problem from an exploratory angle isolating the effect of interest. We here simulate possible global repercussions for the example case of Hurricane Sandy (2012) using the shock-propagation model Acclimate. It models the behaviour of over 7,000 regional economic sectors, interlinked through about 1.8 million trade relations. The modeled shock yields a global three-phase ripple: an initial demand reduction and price decrease, followed by a supply shortage with increasing prices, and finally a recovery phase. Regions with strong trade relations to the US experience stronger magnitudes of the ripple. A dominating demand reduction or supply shortage leads to overall consumption gains or losses of a region, respectively. Throughout the three phases the model suggests overall a global consumption loss (~ 0.03%) with the strongest impact onto the US itself (~ 0.14%).

scholarly journals Theoretical Interpretation of Traveling Interplanetary Phenomena and Their Solar Origins

1980 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 443-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Interplanetary Shock ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Recent theoretical studies on Traveling Interplanetary Phenomena (TIP) and their relation or presumed relation to their solar origins will be reviewed. An attempt is made to outline the theoretical studies in the context of mathematical methods and physical processes. The following alternative approaches are examined: analytical vs. numerical methods; magnetohydrodynamics vs. hydrodynamics; processes with or without dissipation; continuum (macroscopic) vs. the kinetic (microscopic) approach. In particular, the flare-generated interplanetary shocks are used as examples to illustrate these theoretical studies within the context of TIP. Some emphasis will be placed on MHD wave propagation through the inner corona and its maturity to a fully-developed interplanetary shock. Further, their propagation and the disturbing effects on the solar wind will be considered. Cases concerning the classification and characteristics of blast-produced shocks and long-lasting ejecta are also discussed in the context of numerical simulations.

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