Depth variation of coseismic stress drop explains bimodal earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zielke ◽  
J. R. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Depth Variation

A statistical model of the earthquake process

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-862
Author(s):  
J. Lomnitz-Adler
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Earthquake Process

abstract A model is presented for the simulation of the statistical features of the earthquake process. An analytical solution is given for a simple case, and a numerical calculation of spatial and stress drop frequency distribution has been carried out. Extensions of the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity and the earthquake magnitude-frequency distribution

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Steacy ◽  
John McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude

Stress drop in earthquakes

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Yu King ◽  
Leon Knopoff
Keyword(s):  
Stress Drop ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Dislocation Theory ◽  
Energy Formula ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Fault Length

abstract A correlation is made between earthquake magnitude and parameters of fault trace on the basis of dislocation theory. For earthquakes with magnitudes M between 5.5 and 8.5, the correlation with fault length L and the maximum horizontal or vertical offset D (both in cm) is approximately log L D 2 = 2.24 M − 4.99. Combining this result with a magnitude-energy formula, it is found that the stress drop is dependent upon magnitude, with the fractional stress drop increasing with magnitude.

On the frequency distribution of earthquake magnitude and intensity

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2253-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berislav Makjanić
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Generalized Exponential Distribution ◽  
Macroseismic Intensities ◽  
The Given ◽  
New Distribution

abstract Since the usual Gutenberg and Richter distribution of magnitudes does not give good fit to the observed data except in the middle of the range, it is proposed to find a new distribution of magnitudes starting from the two principles: (a) distribution of all magnitudes (initial distribution) has to be limited; and (b) distribution of the largest values (extremal distribution) has to be asymptotic extremal distribution for the given initial distribution. Since it is well established that the largest values of intensity and magnitude follow the so-called third asymptote, which is conveniently written in Jenkinson's form, the initial distribution which belongs to this extremal distribution is determined. A procedure for determining the parameters of the initial distribution is proposed. For the time being, better results are obtained from macroseismic intensities, since often the magnitudes are being determined from these intensities by means of the linear regression. As an example, the frequency distribution of the 100-yr series of intensity of Zagreb earthquakes is analyzed. It seems that this initial distribution, which turns out to be the generalized exponential distribution, gives good fit to the data.

The spectral theory of seismic sources

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Theory ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Dislocation Model ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Characteristic Stress

abstract The far-field results of Brune's spectral theory are shown to be largely independent of his source model; this implies that the theory has even greater power than it seemed, but that its success in explaining the observed spectra does not in itself justify a dislocation model. Expressions are derived for seismic energy and characteristic stress which are independent of assumptions as to source model. For several models, the characteristic stress is found to be a good approximation to the stress-drop. A theoretical relationship between earthquake magnitude ML, stress-drop, and fault size is derived. This provides a means of estimating the stress-drop for earthquakes associated with aftershock sequences, using estimates of ML and fault size, and is consistent with empirical relationships between magnitude and fault size, and between seismic energy and magnitude.

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