On the role of transient currents in the global electric circuit

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mareev ◽  
S. A. Yashunin ◽  
S. S. Davydenko ◽  
T. C. Marshall ◽  
M. Stolzenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Transient Currents

scholarly journals Taking account of topography when calculating the resistance of the global atmospheric conductor

10.12737/6044 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Валерий Денисенко ◽  
Valery Denisenko ◽  
Олег Якубайлик ◽  
Oleg Yakubailik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Geodetic Coordinates ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

The role of topography in the formation of the global electric circuit is analyzed. The topography of the Earth’s surface is determined using the GLOBE data-base providing data on height of the Earth’s surface above mean sea level in geodetic coordinates with spatial resolution of 30 angular seconds. The atmosphere is considered as a global conductor between the Earth’s surface and the ionosphere simulated as ideal conductors. Empirical models of air conductivity are used. To simplify the description of large-scale phenomena, the model is reduced to one-dimensional simulation of vertical columns of air. The inclusion of topography is shown to reduce the resistance of the atmosphere by 10 % and to reduce the local resistance above high mountains several times. Note that taking topography into account is also important in more general models of electrical conductivity of the atmosphere.

scholarly journals On the role of non-electrified clouds in the Global Electric Circuit

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 9815-9847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. G. Baumgaertner ◽  
G. M. Lucas ◽  
J. P. Thayer ◽  
S. A. Mallios
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Current Divergence ◽  
High Clouds

Abstract. Non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather part of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the Poisson equation, is used to show that in the fair-weather region currents partially flow around non-electrified clouds, with current divergence above the cloud, and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of non-electrified clouds, i.e. for different altitude extents, and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) Earth System Model as well as ISCCP cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including non-electrified clouds in the fair-weather estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time-averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20%, whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a conductivity parametrization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around non-electrified clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parametrization are presented.

The role of the global electric circuit in solar and internal forcing of clouds and climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Tinsley ◽  
G.B. Burns ◽  
Limin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Global Electric Circuit

Relative role of the azimuthal Pedersen current component in the substorm global electric circuit

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kurikalova ◽  
V.M. Mishin ◽  
V.V. Mishin ◽  
S.B. Lunyushkin ◽  
Yu.V. Penskikh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Current Component

Transient currents in the global electric circuit due to cloud-to-ground and intracloud lightning

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Maggio ◽  
Thomas C. Marshall ◽  
Maribeth Stolzenburg
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Transient Currents

scholarly journals A 3-D RBF-FD solver for modeling the atmospheric global electric circuit with topography (GEC-RBFFD v1.0)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3007-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bayona ◽  
N. Flyer ◽  
G. M. Lucas ◽  
A. J. G. Baumgaertner
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Differential Operators ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Elliptic Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Mesh Free ◽  
Conductivity Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Boundary

Abstract. A numerical model based on radial basis function-generated finite differences (RBF-FD) is developed for simulating the global electric circuit (GEC) within the Earth's atmosphere, represented by a 3-D variable coefficient linear elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) in a spherically shaped volume with the lower boundary being the Earth's topography and the upper boundary a sphere at 60 km. To our knowledge, this is (1) the first numerical model of the GEC to combine the Earth's topography with directly approximating the differential operators in 3-D space and, related to this, (2) the first RBF-FD method to use irregular 3-D stencils for discretization to handle the topography. It benefits from the mesh-free nature of RBF-FD, which is especially suitable for modeling high-dimensional problems with irregular boundaries. The RBF-FD elliptic solver proposed here makes no limiting assumptions on the spatial variability of the coefficients in the PDE (i.e., the conductivity profile), the right hand side forcing term of the PDE (i.e., distribution of current sources) or the geometry of the lower boundary.

Seasonal variations in the lightning diurnal cycle and implications for the global electric circuit

2014 ◽  
Vol 135-136 ◽  
pp. 228-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Blakeslee ◽  
Douglas M. Mach ◽  
Monte G. Bateman ◽  
Jeffrey C. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Global Electric Circuit

scholarly journals The Global Electric Circuit and Global Seismicity

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Sergey Pulinets ◽  
Galina Khachikyan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Radon Emanation ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Earthquake Preparation ◽  
Deep Focus ◽  
Ionospheric Potential

Basing on the catalogue of earthquakes with a magnitude of M ≥ 4.5 for the period 1973–2017, a UT variation with an amplitude of ~10% in the number of earthquakes is revealed and compared with a UT variation in the ionospheric potential (IP) with an amplitude of ~18%. We demonstrate that the amplitude of the UT variation in the number of deep-focus earthquakes is greater compared with that of crustal earthquakes, reaching 19%. The UT of the primary maxima of both the IP (according to modern calculations) and of earthquake incidence coincides (near 17:00 UT) and is, by 2 h, ahead of the classical Carnegie curve representing the UT variation in the atmospheric electric field on the ground surface. The linear regression equation between these UT variations in the number of deep-focus earthquakes and the ionospheric potential is obtained, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.97. The results support the idea that the processes of earthquake preparation are coupled to the functional processes of the global electric circuit and the generation of atmospheric electric fields. In particular, the observed increase in thunderstorm activity over earthquake preparation areas, provided by air ionization due to radon emanation, yields a clue as to why the global thunderstorm distribution is primarily continental. Another important conclusion is that, in observing the longitudinal distributions of earthquakes against the IP distribution, we automatically observe that all such events occur in local nighttime hours. Considering that the majority of earthquake precursors have their maximums at local night and demonstrating the positive deviation from the undisturbed value, we obtain a clue as to its positive correlation with variations in the ionospheric potential.

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