scholarly journals Dynamical prediction of terrestrial ecosystems and the global carbon cycle: A 25-year hindcast experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zeng ◽  
Jin-Ho Yoon ◽  
Augustin Vintzileos ◽  
G. James Collatz ◽  
Eugenia Kalnay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote sensing and ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 13069-13121 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Porcar-Castell ◽  
A. Mac Arthur ◽  
M. Rossini ◽  
L. Eklundh ◽  
J. Pacheco-Labrador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the emission of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now measurable from space, provide a new range of opportunities to monitor the global carbon cycle using remote sensing. However, the scale mismatch between EC observations and the much coarser satellite-derived data complicates the integration of the two sources of data. The solution is to establish a network of in situ spectral measurements that can act as bridge between EC measurements and remote sensing data. In situ spectral measurements have been already conducted for many years at EC sites, but using variable instrumentation, setups, and measurement standards. In Europe in particular, in situ spectral measurements remain highly heterogeneous. The goal of EUROSPEC Cost Action ES0930 was to promote the development of common measuring protocols and new instruments towards establishing best practices and standardization of in situ spectral measurements. In this review we describe the background and main tradeoffs of in situ spectral measurements, review the main results of EUROSPEC Cost Action, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities of in situ spectral measurements for improved estimation of local and global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Non-deforestation fire vs. fossil fuel combustion: the source of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions affects the global carbon cycle and climate responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2137-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sébastien Landry ◽  
H. Damon Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Non-deforestation fire – i.e., fire that is typically followed by the recovery of natural vegetation – is arguably the most influential disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems, thereby playing a major role in carbon exchanges and affecting many climatic processes. The radiative effect from a given atmospheric CO2 perturbation is the same for fire and fossil fuel combustion. However, major differences exist per unit of CO2 emitted between the effects of non-deforestation fire vs. fossil fuel combustion on the global carbon cycle and climate, because (1) fossil fuel combustion implies a net transfer of carbon from geological reservoirs to the atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial pools, whereas fire occurring in terrestrial ecosystems does not; (2) the average lifetime of the atmospheric CO2 increase is longer when originating from fossil fuel combustion compared to fire, due to the strong vegetation regrowth following fire disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems; and (3) other impacts, for example on land surface albedo, also differ between fire and fossil fuel combustion. The main purpose of this study is to illustrate the consequences from these fundamental differences between fossil fuel combustion and non-deforestation fires using 1000-year simulations of a coupled climate–carbon model with interactive vegetation. We assessed emissions from both pulse and stable fire regime changes, considering both the gross (carbon released from combustion) and net (fire-caused change in land carbon, also accounting for vegetation decomposition and regrowth, as well as climate–carbon feedbacks) fire CO2 emissions. In all cases, we found substantial differences from equivalent amounts of emissions produced by fossil fuel combustion. These findings suggest that side-by-side comparisons of non-deforestation fire and fossil fuel CO2 emissions – implicitly implying that they have similar effects per unit of CO2 emitted – should therefore be avoided, particularly when these comparisons involve gross fire emissions, because the reservoirs from which these emissions are drawn have very different residence times (millions of years for fossil fuel; years to centuries for vegetation and soil–litter). Our results also support the notion that most net emissions occur relatively soon after fire regime shifts and then progressively approach zero. Overall, our study calls for the explicit representation of fire activity as a valuable step to foster a more accurate understanding of its impacts on global carbon cycling and temperature, as opposed to conceiving fire effects as congruent with the consequences from fossil fuel combustion.

Are response function representations of the global carbon cycle ever interpretable?

Tellus B ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sile Li ◽  
Andrew J. Jarvis ◽  
David T. Leedal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Carbon

EPR-derived structures of flavin radical and iron-sulfur clusters from Methylosinus sporium 5 reductase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Sol Jeong ◽  
Sugyeong Hong ◽  
Hee Seon Yoo ◽  
Jin Kim ◽  
Yujeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Iron Sulfur Clusters ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Greenhouse Effects ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Significant Attention

Methane monooxygenase (MMO) has attracted significant attention owing to its crucial role in the global carbon cycle; it impedes greenhouse effects by converting methane to methanol under ambient conditions. The...

scholarly journals Amazonian Fire Events Disturbed the Global Carbon Cycle: A Study from 2019 Amazon Wildfire Using Google Earth Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Subhajit Bandopadhyay ◽  
Dany A. Cotrina Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Google Earth Engine ◽  
Global Carbon

An unprecedented number of wildfire events during 2019 throughout the Brazilian Amazon caught global attention, due to their massive extent and the associated loss in the Amazonian forest—an ecosystem on which the whole world depends. Such devastating wildfires in the Amazon has strongly hampered the global carbon cycle and significantly reduced forest productivity. In this study, we have quantified such loss of forest productivity in terms of gross primary productivity (GPP), applying a comparative approach using Google Earth Engine. A total of 12 wildfire spots have been identified based on the fire’s extension over the Brazilian Amazon, and we quantified the loss in productivity between 2018 and 2019. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP and MODIS burned area satellite imageries, with a revisit time of 8 days and 30 days, respectively, have been used for this study. We have observed that compared to 2018, the number of wildfire events increased during 2019. But such wildfire events did not hamper the natural annual trend of GPP of the Amazonian ecosystem. However, a significant drop in forest productivity in terms of GPP has been observed. Among all 11 observational sites were recorded with GPP loss, ranging from −18.88 gC m−2 yr−1 to −120.11 gC m−2 yr−1, except site number 3. Such drastic loss in GPP indicates that during 2019 fire events, all of these sites acted as carbon sources rather than carbon sink sites, which may hamper the global carbon cycle and terrestrial CO2 fluxes. Therefore, it is assumed that these findings will also fit for the other Amazonian wildfire sites, as well as for the tropical forest ecosystem as a whole. We hope this study will provide a significant contribution to global carbon cycle research, terrestrial ecosystem studies, sustainable forest management, and climate change in contemporary environmental sciences.

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