scholarly journals Glacier and Permafrost Problems in High South Asia: International Workshop on Cryosphere and Hazards for Hindu Kush, Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau; Kathmandu, Nepal, 31 March to 2 April 2008

Eos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Shroder ◽  
Michael P. Bishop ◽  
Umesh Haritashya
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Asia ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Hindu Kush

The South Asia Monsoon Break Promotes Grass Growth on the Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanghang Ren ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
The Impact

<p>As region that is highly sensitive to global climate change, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) experiences an intra-seasonal soil water deficient due to the reduced precipitation during the South Asia monsoon (SAM) break. Few studies have investigated the impact of the SAM break on TP ecological processes, although a number of studies have explored the effects of inter-annual and decadal climate variability. In this study, the response of vegetation activity to the SAM break was investigated. The data used are: (1) soil moisture from in situ, satellite remote sensing and data assimilation; and (2) the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF). We found that in the region impacted by SAM break, which is distributed in the central-eastern part of TP, photosynthesis become more active during the SAM break. And temporal variability in the photosynthesis of this region is controlled mainly by solar radiation variability and has little sensitivity to soil moisture. We adopted a diagnostic process-based modeling approach to examine the causes of enhanced plant activity during the SAM break on the central-eastern TP. Our analysis indicates that active photosynthetic behavior in the reduced precipitation is stimulated by increases in solar radiation absorbed and temperature. This study highlights the importance of sub-seasonal climate variability for characterizing the relationship between vegetation and climate.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity study of the possible impact of snow and glaciers developing over Tibetan Plateau on Holocene African-Asian summer monsoon climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jin ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
A. Ganopolski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region

Abstract. The impacts of various scenarios of snow and glaciers developing over the Tibetan Plateau on climate change in Afro-Asian monsoon region and other regions during the Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP) are studied by using the coupled climate model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-2. The simulations show that the imposed snow and glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau in the mid-Holocene induce global summer temperature decreases, especially in the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. At the same time, with the imposed snow and glaciers, summer precipitation decreases strongly in North Africa and South Asia as well as northeastern China, while it increases in Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean. For the whole period of Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP), the response of vegetation cover to the imposed snow and glaciers cover over the Tibetan Plateau is not synchronous in South Asia and in North Africa, showing an earlier and a more rapid decrease in vegetation cover in North Africa from 9 to 6 kyr BP while it has only minor influence on that in South Asia until 5 kyr BP. Imposed gradually increased snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau causes temperature increases in South Asia and it decreases in North Africa and Southeast Asia during 6 kyr BP to 0 kyr BP. The precipitation decreases rapidly in North Africa and South Asia while it decreases slowly or unchanged during 6 kyr BP to 0 kyr BP with imposed snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau. The different scenarios of snow and glacier developing over the Tibetan Plateau would result in differences in variation of temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover in North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The model results show that the response of climate change in African-Asian monsoon region to snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau is in the way that the snow and glaciers amplify the effect of vegetation feedback and, hence, further amplify orbital forcing.

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity study of the possible impact of snow and glaciers developing over Tibetan Plateau on Holocene African-Asian summer monsoon climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jin ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
A. Ganopolski
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Vegetation Feedback

Abstract. The impacts of various scenarios of a gradual snow and glaciers developing over the Tibetan Plateau on climate change in Afro-Asian monsoon region and other regions during the Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP) are studied by using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-2. The simulations show that the imposed snow and glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau in the mid-Holocene induce global summer temperature decreases over most of Eurasia but in the Southern Asia temperature response is opposite. With the imposed snow and glaciers, summer precipitation decreases strongly in North Africa and South Asia as well as northeastern China, while it increases in Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean. For the whole period of Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP), the response of vegetation cover to the imposed snow and glaciers cover over the Tibetan Plateau is not synchronous in South Asia and in North Africa, showing an earlier and a more rapid decrease in vegetation cover in North Africa from 9 kyr BP to 6 kyr BP while it has only minor influence on that in South Asia until 5 kyr BP. The precipitation decreases rapidly in North Africa and South Asia while it decreases slowly or unchanged during 6 kyr BP to 0 kyr BP with imposed snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau. The different scenarios of snow and glacier developing over the Tibetan Plateau would result in differences in variation of temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover in North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The model results suggest that the development of snow and ice cover over Tibetan Plateau represents an additional important climate feedback, which amplify orbital forcing and produces a significant synergy with the positive vegetation feedback.

Conquering and Ruling Premodern Afghanistan

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This chapter examines Afghanistan's premodern patterns of political authority and the groups that wielded it. During this period nation-states did not exist and regions found themselves as parts of various empires. During its premodern history, the territory of today's Afghanistan was conquered and ruled by foreign invaders. Located on a fracture zone linking Iran in the west, central Asia in the north, and south Asia in the east, it was the route of choice for armies moving across the Hindu Kush (or south of it) toward the plains of India. For the same reason, empires based in India saw the domination of this region as their first line of defense. This chapter focuses on how (and what kinds of) territory was conquered, how conquerors legitimated their rule, and the relationship of such states with peoples at their margins.

scholarly journals Influence of biomass burning from South Asia at a high-altitude mountain receptor site in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 6853-6864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Zhuofei Du ◽  
Dongjie Shang ◽  
Zhaoheng Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Average Mass

Abstract. Highly time-resolved in situ measurements of airborne particles were conducted at Mt. Yulong (3410 m above sea level) on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in China from 22 March to 14 April 2015. The detailed chemical composition was measured by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer together with other online instruments. The average mass concentration of the submicron particles (PM1) was 5.7 ± 5.4 µg m−3 during the field campaign, ranging from 0.1 up to 33.3 µg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) was the dominant component in PM1, with a fraction of 68 %. Three OA factors, i.e., biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), biomass-burning-influenced oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA-BB) and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), were resolved using positive matrix factorization analysis. The two oxygenated OA factors accounted for 87 % of the total OA mass. Three biomass burning events were identified by examining the enhancement of black carbon concentrations and the f60 (the ratio of the signal at m∕z 60 from the mass spectrum to the total signal of OA). Back trajectories of air masses and satellite fire map data were integrated to identify the biomass burning locations and pollutant transport. The western air masses from South Asia with active biomass burning activities transported large amounts of air pollutants, resulting in elevated organic concentrations up to 4-fold higher than those of the background conditions. This study at Mt. Yulong characterizes the tropospheric background aerosols of the Tibetan Plateau during pre-monsoon season and provides clear evidence that the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau was affected by the transport of anthropogenic aerosols from South Asia.

scholarly journals Advancing a Multisphere Approach to Third Pole Research

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Shen ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Qinghai Province

The International Workshop on Land Surface Multi-spheres Processes of Tibetan Plateau; Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 8–10 August 2016

Two micro-areal developments in northwestern South Asia: Causative involuntatives and causee marking postpositions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bashir
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Hindu Kush

AbstractThis paper focuses on two language clusters in the region comprising the Hindu Kush mountains; Swat, Dir and Indus Kohistan (Pakistan); and the Himalayan foothills (HKKH region). The languages considered are Kalasha, Khowar, Palula, Dameli, Torwali, Kohistani, Shina, Kashmiri, Pashai and some of the Nuristani languages. One cluster of languages shares the expression of non-volitional semantics by derived transitive/causative verb forms, previously discussed as “causative involuntatives” or “impersonal causative expressions”. Two apparent subtypes are identified and mapped. A second, partially overlapping, cluster shares the use of a grammaticized conjunctive participle of a causative form of a reflex of the OIA √

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