scholarly journals Dependence of surface fracture energy on earthquake size: A derivation from hierarchical self-similar fault zone geometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenshiro Otsuki
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Surface Fracture ◽  
Earthquake Size ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Surface Fracture Energy

The Cutting Energy of Rubber Cutting by a Sharp Cutter

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 3072-3075
Author(s):  
Ying Jin ◽  
Jian Hua Wu ◽  
Long Quan Liu ◽  
Zheng Qiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Fracture ◽  
Cutting Energy ◽  
Cutting Experiment ◽  
Punching Process ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Surface Fracture Energy

In order to obtain the total cutting energy and the ratios of the three parts of the total energy during cutting off the rubber, a test method was proposed and a test apparatus was constructed to perform the rubber cutting experiment. In the test, the friction force and the cutting force were obtained. Through the analysis of the test results, the friction work, the deformation energy, the surface fracture energy in cutting different thickness of the rubber were calculated. This work originally proposed a test method to acquire the friction force, the friction work between the cutter and workpiece during punching process.

scholarly journals Viscous fault creep controls the stress-dependence of modelled earthquake statistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Beall ◽  
Martijn van den Ende ◽  
Jean-Paul Ampuero ◽  
Ake Fagereng
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Fault Creep ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Earthquake Statistics ◽  
Earthquake Size ◽  
Stress Dependent

The ability to estimate the likelihood of particular earthquake magnitudes occurring in a given region is critical for seismic hazard assessment. Earthquake size and recurrence statistics have been empirically linked to stress state, however there is ongoing debate as to which fault-zone processes are responsible for this link. We numerically model combined viscous creep and frictional sliding of a fault-zone, where applied shear stress controls the interplay between these mechanisms. This model reproduces the stress-dependent earthquake magnitude distribution observed in nature. At low stress, many fault segments creep and impede ruptures, limiting earthquake sizes. At high stress, more segments are close to frictional failure and large earthquakes are more frequent. Contrasts in earthquake statistics between regions, with depth and through time, may be explained by stress variation, which could be used in the future to further constrain probabilistic models of regional seismicity.

Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 338 (6103) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Chang ◽  
D. A. Lockner ◽  
Z. Reches
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Dynamic Weakening ◽  
Spontaneous Evolution

After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth’s crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in a spinning flywheel. The spontaneous evolution of strength, acceleration, and velocity indicates that our experiments are proxies of fault-patch behavior during earthquakes of moment magnitude (Mw) = 4 to 8. We show that seismically determined earthquake parameters (e.g., displacement, velocity, magnitude, or fracture energy) can be used to estimate the intensity of the energy release during an earthquake. Our experiments further indicate that high acceleration imposed by the earthquake’s rupture front quickens dynamic weakening by intense wear of the fault zone.

scholarly journals Parameter interdependence of dynamic self-similar crack with distance-weakening friction

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 1584-1596
Author(s):  
Shiro Hirano ◽  
Hiromichi Itou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Rupture Velocity ◽  
Self Similar

SUMMARY In several analytical and numerical studies, the slip rate function and energy release rate for dynamic self-similar crack growth have been investigated, and the results obtained have contributed to a theoretical understanding and estimation of on-fault energetics. However, the relationships among physical parameters, including stress state, process zone size, rupture velocity, peak slip rate and energy release rate, are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to derive an analytical solution of the slip rate distribution of antiplane self-similar crack growth under distance-weakening friction that mimics slip-weakening friction. To satisfy the condition that the slip rate starts from zero at the rupture front, a trade-off relationship among rupture velocity, process zone size and breakdown stress-to-stress drop ratio is proposed. The peak slip rate, slip-weakening distance and fracture energy obtained using the proposed model provide a possible mechanism for the determination of the rupture velocity and the estimation of the fracture energy of the self-similar crack growth, based on the seismic observables.

Fault dip variations related to elastic layering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nespoli ◽  
M E Belardinelli ◽  
M Bonafede
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Surface Fracture ◽  
Complex Fault ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Maximum Energy Release ◽  
Surface Fracture Energy

Summary In this paper we model the crack growth in an elastic medium constituted by two welded half-spaces with different rigidities. We implement a 2D Boundary Element Method (BEM) computing shear and normal tractions acting on the crack and the slip accommodating stress drop from an arbitrary initial configuration to a final frictional configuration. The direction of crack growth follows the criterion of maximum energy release (strain and gravitational energy) provided that it overcomes the surface fracture energy and the work dissipated by friction. The energetic criterion leads to estimates of the dip angle of seismic faults depending on the amplitude of the initial stress and it includes the classical Anderson's results as a particular case. Moreover, in presence of a sharp rigidity contrast, the direction of crack growth is strongly deflected. The model simulates non-planar, complex, fault geometries, as in the case of detachment and listric faults and it explains the increase of dip angles for both normal and reverse faults, when they enter soft sedimentary layers.

Self-similar collapse with non-radial motions

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Nusser
Keyword(s):  
Self Similar
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