Effects of intercontinental transport on surface ozone over the United States: Present and future assessment with a global model

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tai Lin ◽  
Donald J. Wuebbles ◽  
Xin-Zhong Liang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Intercontinental Transport

The importance of stratospheric–tropospheric transport in affecting surface ozone concentrations in the western and northern tier of the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (28) ◽  
pp. 4845-4857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen S. Lefohn ◽  
Heini Wernli ◽  
Douglas Shadwick ◽  
Sebastian Limbach ◽  
Samuel J. Oltmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

Effects of ozone and climate on historical (1980-2015) crop yields in the United States: Implication for mid-21st century projection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Da ◽  
Yangyang Xu ◽  
Bruce McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ozone Pollution

<p>Surface ozone pollution has been proven to impose significant damages on crops. However, the quantification of the damages was extensively derived from chamber experiments, which is not representative of actual results in farm fields due to the limitations of spatial scale, time window, etc. In this work, we attempt to empirically fill this gap using county-level data in the United States from 1980 to 2015. We explore ozone impacts on corn, soybeans, spring wheat, winter wheat, barley, cotton, peanuts, rice, sorghum, and sunflower. We also incorporate a variety of climate variables to investigate potential ozone-climate interactions. More importantly, we shed light on future yield consequences of ozone and climate change individually and jointly under a moderate warming scenario. Our findings suggest significant negative impacts of ozone exposure for eight of the ten crops we examined, excepting barley and winter wheat, which contradicts experimental results. The average annual damages were estimated at $6.03 billion (in 2015 U.S. dollar) from 1980 to 2015. We also find rising temperatures tend to worsen ozone damages while water supply would mitigate that. Finally, elevated ozone driven by future climate change would cause much smaller damages than the direct effects of climate change itself.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of the 2008 Global Recession on air quality over the United States: Implications for surface ozone levels from changes in NOxemissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (17) ◽  
pp. 9280-9288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tong ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Lok Lamsal ◽  
Pius Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Ozone Levels

scholarly journals CAM-chem: description and evaluation of interactive atmospheric chemistry in the Community Earth System Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Lamarque ◽  
L. K. Emmons ◽  
P. G. Hess ◽  
D. E. Kinnison ◽  
S. Tilmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Community Earth System Model

Abstract. We discuss and evaluate the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the global Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 4, the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We present a variety of configurations for the representation of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, wet removal, and online and offline meteorology. Results from simulations illustrating these configurations are compared with surface, aircraft and satellite observations. Major biases include a negative bias in the high-latitude CO distribution, a positive bias in upper-tropospheric/lower-stratospheric ozone, and a positive bias in summertime surface ozone (over the United States and Europe). The tropospheric net chemical ozone production varies significantly between configurations, partly related to variations in stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Aerosol optical depth tends to be underestimated over most regions, while comparison with aerosol surface measurements over the United States indicate reasonable results for sulfate , especially in the online simulation. Other aerosol species exhibit significant biases. Overall, the model-data comparison indicates that the offline simulation driven by GEOS5 meteorological analyses provides the best simulation, possibly due in part to the increased vertical resolution (52 levels instead of 26 for online dynamics). The CAM-chem code as described in this paper, along with all the necessary datasets needed to perform the simulations described here, are available for download at www.cesm.ucar.edu.

scholarly journals Effects of Future Climate and Biogenic Emissions Changes on Surface Ozone over the United States and China

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1888-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tai Lin ◽  
Kenneth O. Patten ◽  
Katharine Hayhoe ◽  
Xin-Zhong Liang ◽  
Donald J. Wuebbles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Emissions Scenarios

Abstract Future projections of near-surface ozone concentrations depend on the climate/emissions scenario used to drive future simulations, the direct effects of the changing climate on the atmosphere, and the indirect effects of changing temperatures and CO2 levels on biogenic ozone precursor emissions. The authors investigate the influence of these factors on potential future changes in summertime daily 8-h maximum ozone over the United States and China by comparing Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2.4, (MOZART-2.4) simulations for the period 1996–2000 with 2095–99, using climate projections from NCAR–Department of Energy Parallel Climate Model simulations driven by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1fi (higher) and B1 (lower) emission scenarios, with corresponding changes in biogenic emissions. The effect of projected climate changes alone on surface ozone is generally less than 3 ppb over most regions. Regional ozone increases and decreases are driven mainly by local warming and marine air dilution enhancement, respectively. Changes are approximately the same magnitude under both scenarios, although spatial patterns of responses differ. Projected increases in isoprene emissions (32%–94% over both countries), however, result in significantly greater changes in surface ozone. Increases of 1–15 ppb are found under A1fi and of 0–7 ppb are found under B1. These increases not only raise the frequency of “high ozone days,” but are also projected to occur nearly uniformly across the distribution of daily ozone maxima. Thus, projected future ozone changes appear to be more sensitive to changes in biogenic emissions than to direct climate changes, and the spatial patterns and magnitude of future ozone changes depend strongly on the future emissions scenarios used.

scholarly journals Improved simulation of tropospheric ozone by a global-multi-regional two-way coupling model system

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2381-2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yan ◽  
Jintai Lin ◽  
Jinxuan Chen ◽  
Lu Hu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coupled Simulation ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Tropospheric O3

Abstract. Small-scale nonlinear chemical and physical processes over pollution source regions affect the tropospheric ozone (O3), but these processes are not captured by current global chemical transport models (CTMs) and chemistry–climate models that are limited by coarse horizontal resolutions (100–500 km, typically 200 km). These models tend to contain large (and mostly positive) tropospheric O3 biases in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we use the recently built two-way coupling system of the GEOS-Chem CTM to simulate the regional and global tropospheric O3 in 2009. The system couples the global model (at 2.5° long.  ×  2° lat.) and its three nested models (at 0.667° long.  ×  0.5° lat.) covering Asia, North America and Europe, respectively. Specifically, the nested models take lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) from the global model, better capture small-scale processes and feed back to modify the global model simulation within the nested domains, with a subsequent effect on their LBCs. Compared to the global model alone, the two-way coupled system better simulates the tropospheric O3 both within and outside the nested domains, as found by evaluation against a suite of ground (1420 sites from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG), the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division (GMD), the Chemical Coordination Centre of European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System (AQS)), aircraft (the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) and Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In- Service Aircraft (MOZAIC)) and satellite measurements (two Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) products). The two-way coupled simulation enhances the correlation in day-to-day variation of afternoon mean surface O3 with the ground measurements from 0.53 to 0.68, and it reduces the mean model bias from 10.8 to 6.7 ppb. Regionally, the coupled system reduces the bias by 4.6 ppb over Europe, 3.9 ppb over North America and 3.1 ppb over other regions. The two-way coupling brings O3 vertical profiles much closer to the HIPPO (for remote areas) and MOZAIC (for polluted regions) data, reducing the tropospheric (0–9 km) mean bias by 3–10 ppb at most MOZAIC sites and by 5.3 ppb for HIPPO profiles. The two-way coupled simulation also reduces the global tropospheric column ozone by 3.0 DU (9.5 %, annual mean), bringing them closer to the OMI data in all seasons. Additionally, the two-way coupled simulation also reduces the global tropospheric mean hydroxyl radical by 5 % with improved estimates of methyl chloroform and methane lifetimes. Simulation improvements are more significant in the Northern Hemisphere, and are mainly driven by improved representation of spatial inhomogeneity in chemistry/emissions. Within the nested domains, the two-way coupled simulation reduces surface ozone biases relative to typical GEOS-Chem one-way nested simulations, due to much improved LBCs. The bias reduction is 1–7 times the bias reduction from the global to the one-way nested simulation. Improving model representations of small-scale processes is important for understanding the global and regional tropospheric chemistry.

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