Correlation between east Asian dust storm frequency and PNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao-Yi Gong ◽  
Rui Mao ◽  
Pei-Jun Shi ◽  
Yi-Da Fan
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Asian Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Frequency

scholarly journals The impact of dust on sulfate aerosol, CN and CCN during an East Asian dust storm

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Manktelow ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
G. W. Mann ◽  
D. V. Spracklen
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Sulfate Aerosol ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Asian Dust Storm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. A global model of aerosol microphysics is used to simulate a large East Asian dust storm during the ACE-Asia experiment. We use the model together with size resolved measurements of aerosol number concentration and composition to examine how dust modified the production of sulfate aerosol and the particle size distribution in East Asian outflow. Simulated size distributions and mass concentrations of dust, sub- and super-micron sulfate agree well with observations from the C-130 aircraft. Modeled mass concentrations of fine sulfate (Dp<1.3 μm) decrease by ~10% due to uptake of sulfur species onto super-micron dust. We estimate that dust enhanced the mass concentration of coarse sulfate (Dp>1.0 μm) by more than an order of magnitude, but total sulfate concentrations increase by less than 2% because decreases in fine sulfate have a compensating effect. Our analysis shows that the sulfate associated with dust can be explained largely by the uptake of H2SO4 rather than reaction of SO2 on the dust surface, which we assume is suppressed once the particles are coated in sulfate. We suggest that many previous model investigations significantly overestimated SO2 oxidation on East Asian dust, possibly due to the neglect of surface saturation effects. We extend previous model experiments by examining how dust modified existing particle concentrations in Asian outflow. Total particle concentrations (condensation nuclei, CN) modeled in the dust-pollution plume are reduced by up to 20%, but we predict that dust led to less than 10% depletion in particles large enough to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Our analysis suggests that E. Asian dust storms have only a minor impact on sulfate particles present at climate-relevant sizes.

scholarly journals The impact of dust on sulfate aerosol, CN and CCN during an East Asian dust storm

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 14771-14823 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Manktelow ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
G. W. Mann ◽  
D. V. Spracklen
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Sulfate Aerosol ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Asian Dust Storm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. A global model of aerosol microphysics is used to simulate a large East Asian dust storm during the ACE-Asia experiment. We use the model together with size resolved measurements of aerosol number concentration and composition to examine how dust modified the production of sulfate aerosol and the particle size distribution in East Asian outflow. Simulated size distributions and mass concentrations of dust, sub- and super-micron sulfate agree well with observations from the C-130 aircraft. Modelled mass concentrations of fine sulfate (Dp<1.3 μm) decrease by ~10% due to uptake of sulfur species onto super-micron dust. We estimate that dust enhanced the mass concentration of coarse sulfate (Dp<1.0 μm) by more than an order of magnitude, but total sulfate concentrations increase by less than 2% because decreases in fine sulfate have a compensating effect. Our analysis shows that the sulfate associated with dust can be explained largely by the uptake of H2SO4 rather than reaction of SO2 on the dust surface, which we assume is suppressed once the particles are coated in sulfate. We suggest that many previous model investigations significantly overestimated SO2 oxidation on East Asian dust, possibly due to the neglect of surface saturation effects. We extend previous model experiments by examining how dust modified existing particle concentrations in Asian outflow. Total particle concentrations modelled in the dust-pollution plume are reduced by up to 20%, but we predict that dust led to less than 10% depletion in particles large enough to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Our analysis suggests that E. Asian dust storms have only a minor impact on sulfate particles present at climate-relevant sizes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Three-Dimensional Evolution of East Asian Dust Storm by Modeling and Remote Sensing Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Zhiwei Han
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
East Asian ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
East China ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Asian Dust Storm

The three-dimensional evolution of an East Asian dust storm during 23–26 April 2009 was investigated by utilizing a regional air quality model system (RAQMS) and satellite measurements. This severe dust storm hit Mt. Tai in east China with daily mean PM10concentration reaching 1400 μg/m3and the model captured the PM10variation reasonably well. Modeled spatial distributions of AOD and vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient during the dust storm were compared with MODIS and CALIPSO data, demonstrating that RAQMS was able to reproduce the 3D structure and the evolution of the dust storm reasonably well. During early days of the dust storm, daily mean dust-induced AOD exceeded 2.0 over dust source regions (the Gobi desert and the Taklamakan desert) and was in a range of 1.2–1.8 over the North China Plain, accounting for about 98% and up to 90% of total AOD over corresponding areas, respectively. The top of the dust storm reached about 8 km over east China, with high dust concentration locating at around 40°N. Dust aerosol below 2 km was transported southeastward off the Gobi desert while dust above 2 km was transported out of China along 40°–45°N.

Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki K. Watanabe ◽  
Tsuyoshi Watanabe ◽  
Atsuko Yamazaki ◽  
Miriam Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Asian Dust Storm ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Storm Frequency ◽  
Fossil Coral

Abstract The Akkadian Empire was the first united empire in Mesopotamia and was established at 4.6 kyr B.P. (where present is A.D. 1950). The empire abruptly collapsed in 4.2 ± 0.2 kyr B.P. Seasonal-scale climatic dynamics behind this collapse have not yet been resolved. Here, we present monthly climatic parameters (temperature and hydrology) inferred from fossil Omani corals that lived between 4.5 and 2.9 kyr B.P. Winter temperatures derived from a modern Omani coral correlate with winter shamal (western Asian dust storm) frequency. A fossil coral from 4.1 kyr B.P. shows a prolonged winter shamal season with frequent shamal days. This likely caused agricultural failures in Mesopotamia and contributed to the Akkadian Empire collapse, as this region depends on winter rainfall.

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