scholarly journals Sediment supply and relative size distribution effects on fine sediment infiltration into immobile gravels

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Wooster ◽  
Scott R. Dusterhoff ◽  
Yantao Cui ◽  
Leonard S. Sklar ◽  
William E. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Sediment Supply

Modeling shelter abundance for juvenile Atlantic salmon in a residual flow reach of a hydro power plant using SSIIM 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Pritsis ◽  
Nils Ruther ◽  
Kordula Schwarzwälder ◽  
Anastasios Stamou
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
River Reach ◽  
Bed Changes ◽  
Shelter Availability

<p>Nowadays, the aquatic biodiversity is highly under pressure due to anthropogenic changes of the rivers such hydraulic structures changing the diversity of flow and aquatic fauna as well as sediment continuity. This can have severe consequences on the fish population in the river reach. Fish are strongly depending on a certain substrate composition throughout all their life stages. Juveniles for example are depending on a certain availability of shelter in the substrate in order to survive this stage.</p><p>Therefore, we investigate the effects of changes in the sediment composition at a hydropower plant in Switzerland on the availability of potential shelter for juvenile fish. By utilizing the observed correlation between parameters describing the fine tail of a riverbed’s grain size distribution and shelter abundance for juvenile Atlantic salmon, we predict the available shelter in a river reach by using a 3D hydrodynamic numerical model directly coupled to a morphodynamic model. The initial substrate composition was assumed to be spatially uniform, its parameters based on a grain size distribution curve derived from collected sediment samples.</p><p>This model can now be used for habitat improvement scenario modeling. Based on the assumption that a specific mixture of sediment coming from upstream travelling through the river reach will positively influence the potential shelter availability, different scenarios can be investigated. The baseline for comparison was the simulation of the bed changes without any sediment supply from upstream. The baseline discharge was set to 100 m<sup>3</sup> /s and was applied for 24 hours. The resulting bed changes create a map of the potential shelter availability of this grain size mixture. Then, two scenarios with sediment inflow from the upstream boundary were simulated. One coarse and one fine mixture of sediment were chosen as inputs, with the goal of investigating their impact on shelter abundance. The former designed to have a positive effect while the latter expected to reduce interstitial voids in the substrate and have a negative effect on available shelter.</p><p>The investigation is conducted as part of the EU Horizon 2020 funded project FIThydro (funded under 727830)</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of Bed Load Transport in River Osun, South-Western of Nigeria Using Grain Size Distribution Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Methods

Sediment transport rate depends on bed composition, flow hydraulics and sediment supply. There is a paucity of information on bedload transport in River Osun. In this study, bedload in River Osun was estimated using grain size distribution data to predict channel migration and mitigate flooding. Grab sampler was used to collect sediment samples at the sampling point across the river designated as T1-T4. Sieve analysis was carried out in triplicate on sediment from sampling points using standard methods. Discharge and cross-sectional area were measured between December 2017 and December 2018 at sampling stations using standard methods. The seasonal and bedload were estimated using standards equations. The percentage of bed material particles above 5mm and less than or equal to 2mm were 50 and 22.49%, respectively. The average median grain (d50) size was 2.4mm. The discharge and cross-sectional area across River Osun ranged (0.53-17.46) m3/s and (3.83-47.46) m2. The seasonal suspended and bedload across the river were (206.43×103 kg/annum) and 2,538.77×103(kg/annum), respectively. The estimated sediment load of River Osun could be useful in determining the dredging period at any point across the river where deposition of sediment could be monitored.

scholarly journals Modeling the provenance of fine sediments in Parón Glacier Lake (Cordillera Blanca, Perú) by using a new procedure of tracer selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Navas ◽  
Ivan Lizaga ◽  
Leticia Gaspar ◽  
Tim Stott ◽  
Bulat Mavlyudov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Cordillera Blanca ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Tracer Selection ◽  
Glacial Landforms

<p>Climate warming in high altitude regions is causing rapid retreat of mountain glaciers that might likely accelerate in the near future. As much as 99 % of all tropical glaciers are in the Andes, of which approximately 70% concentrate in the Cordillera Blanca range (Perú) where Parón Lake is located at the foot of Artesonraju Glacier. In the last century the glacier surface area in the Cordillera Blanca has decreased by around one third. Melting glaciers is leading to the formation of new proglacial lakes that are increasing in number and volume playing a key role in regulating water storage and supply to glacier-fed rivers. Glacier recession results in changes in paraglacial environments where processes acting on new exposed surfaces of highly reactive rocks are highly dynamic. These processes can generate important amounts of sediments which can threaten water quality and biodiversity. Environmental concerns strengthen the need for assessing the provenance of fine sediment. To this end, in the frame of the IAEA INT5153 project a two week field survey of the Parón Lake area was carried out in October 2016 to recognize the main glacial landforms which had direct connectivity to the drainage system into the lake. The main glacial landforms, which included moraines, colluvium, glacio-fluvial terraces and alluvial fans that had developed after different stages of glacier retreat from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Little Ice Age, were mapped. For identifying the main provenance of sediments, a total of 40 composite soil and sediment samples (from 0-3cm depth) were collected as sources from representative sites on the main glacial landforms. In addition a total of 9 sediment mixtures including composite channel bed sediments and suspended sediments were collected. Channel bed mixtures were sampled along the river system between the tongue of Artesonraju Glacier and the end of Parón Lake while suspended sediment samples were also collected from the lake margin half way along its length. For applying fingerprinting methods we analysed 6 radioisotopes (2 FRNs and 4 ERNs) and a total of 28 stable elements. The preliminary unmixing results modeled with FingerPro after applying a novel procedure for tracer selection (Lizaga et al., 2020) identified different provenances in each of the sampled points depending on the proximity and connectivity of the glacial landforms. Moraines and alluvial terraces were main contributors in two of the channel mixtures while a relatively greater apportion from colluvium and alluvial fans was found in the lake sediment mixture located at the end of the Parón Lake. Unmixing results for the suspended sediments confirmed the higher contributions from glacio-fluvial terraces and colluvium in the middle part of the lake suggesting that the direct connectivity of glacial landforms was a key control of fine sediment supply to the lake. Further research is needed to assess changes of sediment sources during wet seasons or rainfall peaks in high water and flood regime to gain more comprehensive information on the temporal and climate variability of fine sediment supply.</p>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Mud in sandy riverbed deposits as a proxy for ancient fine-sediment supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Wysocki ◽  
Elizabeth Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Details of experimental conditions and analyses.<br>

scholarly journals Fluvial response to changes in the magnitude and frequency of sediment supply in a 1-D model

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Müller ◽  
Marwan A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Pulse Period ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
D Model

Abstract. In steep headwater reaches, episodic mass movements can deliver large volumes of sediment to fluvial channels. If these inputs of sediment occur with a high frequency and magnitude, the capacity of the stream to rework the supplied material can be exceeded for a significant amount of time. To study the equilibrium conditions in a channel following different episodic sediment supply regimes (defined by grain size distribution, frequency, and magnitude of events), we simulate sediment transport through an idealized reach with our numerical 1-D model “BESMo” (Bedload Scenario Model). The model performs well in replicating flume experiments of a similar scope (where sediment was fed constantly, in one, two, or four pulses) and allowed the exploration of alternative event sequences. We show that in these experiments, the order of events is not important in the long term, as the channel quickly recovers even from high magnitude events. In longer equilibrium simulations, we imposed different supply regimes on a channel, which after some time leads to an adjustment of slope, grain size, and sediment transport that is in equilibrium with the respective forcing conditions. We observe two modes of channel adjustment to episodic sediment supply. (1) High-frequency supply regimes lead to equilibrium slopes and armouring ratios that are like conditions in constant-feed simulations. In these cases, the period between pulses is shorter than a “fluvial evacuation time”, which we approximate as the time it takes to export a pulse of sediment under average transport conditions. (2) In low-frequency regimes the pulse period (i.e., recurrence interval) exceeds the “fluvial evacuation time”, leading to higher armouring ratios due to the longer exposure of the bed surface to flow. If the grain size distribution of the bed is fine and armouring weak, the model predicts a decrease in the average channel slope. The ratio between the “fluvial evacuation time” and the pulse period constitutes a threshold that can help to quantify how a system responds to episodic disturbances.

scholarly journals Fluvial response to changes in the magnitude and frequency of sediment supply in a 1D model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Müller ◽  
Marwan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Pulse Period ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
1D Model

Abstract. In steep headwater reaches, episodic mass movements can deliver large volumes of sediment to fluvial channels. If these inputs of sediment occur with a high frequency and magnitude, the capacity of the stream to rework the supplied material can be exceeded for a significant amount of time. To study the equilibrium conditions in a channel following different episodic sediment supply regimes (defined by grain size distribution, frequency, and magnitude of events), we simulate sediment transport through an idealized reach with our numerical 1D model BESMo (Bedload Scenario Model), which was configured using flume experiments with a similar scope. The model performs well in replicating the flume experiments (where sediment was fed constantly, in 1, 2 or 4 pulses) and allowed the exploration of alternative event sequences. We show that in these experiments, the ordering of events is not important in the long term, as the channel quickly recovers even from high magnitude events. In longer equilibrium simulations, we imposed different supply regimes on a channel, which after some time leads to an adjustment of slope, grain size, and sediment transport that is in equilibrium with the respective forcing conditions. We observe two modes of channel adjustment to episodic sediment supply. 1) High-frequency supply regimes lead to equilibrium slopes and armouring ratios that are like conditions in constant feed simulations. In these cases, the period between pulses is shorter than a fluvial evacuation time, which we approximate as the time it takes to export a pulse of sediment under average transport conditions. 2) In low-frequency regimes the pulse period (i.e. recurrence interval) exceeds the fluvial evacuation time, leading to higher armouring ratios due to longer exposure of the bed surface to flow. If the grain size distribution of the bed is fine and armouring weak, the model predicts a lowering in the average channel slope. The ratio between the fluvial evacuation time and the pulse period constitutes a threshold that can help to quantify how a system responds to episodic disturbances.

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