scholarly journals Energy balance and canopy conductance of a tropical semi-deciduous forest of the southern Amazon Basin

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Vourlitis ◽  
José de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Francisco de Almeida Lobo ◽  
Kerrie M. Sendall ◽  
Sérgio Roberto de Paulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Canopy Conductance

scholarly journals A distributed snowmelt prediction model in mountain areas based on an energy balance method

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Energy Balance Method ◽  
Surface Cover

A distributed snowmelt prediction model was developed for a mountain area. Topography of the study area was represented by a digital map. Cells On the map were divided into three surface-cover types; deciduous forest, evergreen forest and deforested area. Snowmelt rates for each cell were calculated by an energy balance method. Meteorological elements were estimated separately in each cell according to topographical characteristics and surface-cover type. Distributions of water equivalent of snow cover were estimated by the model. Snowmelt runoff in the watershed was also simulated by snowmelt rates calculated by the model. The model showed thai the snowmelt period and snowmelt runoff after timber harvests would be about two weeks earlier than under the forest-covered condition.

scholarly journals Energy balance and canopy conductance of a boreal aspen forest: Partitioning overstory and understory components

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D24) ◽  
pp. 28915-28927 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Blanken ◽  
T. A. Black ◽  
P. C. Yang ◽  
H. H. Neumann ◽  
Z. Nesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Aspen Forest

Modelling gross primary production of a tropical semi-deciduous forest in the southern Amazon Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Sacardi Biudes ◽  
Maísa Caldas Souza ◽  
Nadja Gomes Machado ◽  
Victor Hugo de Morais Danelichen ◽  
George Louis Vourlitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Gross Primary Production

Seasonal variation in the leaf gas exchange of tropical forest trees in the rain forest–savanna transition of the southern Amazon Basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Jacusiel Miranda ◽  
George L. Vourlitis ◽  
Nicolau Priante Filho ◽  
Pedro Correto Priante ◽  
José Holanda Campelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Physiological Capacity

The photosynthetic light response of Amazonian semi-deciduous forest trees of the rain forest–savanna transition near Sinop Mato Grosso, Brazil was measured between July 2000 and September 2003 to test the hypothesis that the photosynthetic capacity of trees acclimated to different growth light environments will decline during the dry season. Maximum photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (gmax) were significantly higher during the wet season; however, the physiological response to drought was not a clear function of growth light environment. For some species, such as Psychotria sp. growing in the mid-canopy, internal leaf CO2 concentration (Ci) was >30% lower during the dry season suggesting that declines in Amax were caused in part by stomatal limitations to CO2 diffusion. For other species, such as Brosimum lactescens growing at the top of the canopy, Tovomita schomburgkii growing in the mid-canopy, and Dinizia excelsa growing in the understorey, dry season Ci declined by <20% suggesting that factors independent of CO2 diffusion were more important in limiting Amax. Dry-season declines in gmax appeared to be important for maintaining a more consistent leaf water potential for some species (T. schomburgkii and D. excelsa) but not others (Psychotria sp.). These results indicate that while seasonal drought exerts an important limitation on the physiological capacity of semi-deciduous Amazonian forest trees, the mechanism of this limitation may differ between species.

The key role of aerosol-radiation-interactions on cloud formation and precipitation in the Amazon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Liu ◽  
Yafang Cheng ◽  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Mira Pöhlker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Aerosol Loading ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Biomass burning (BB) aerosols can influence regional and global climate through interactions with radiation, clouds, and precipitation. Here, we investigate the impact of BB aerosols on the energy balance and hydrological cycle over the Amazon Basin during the dry season. We performed WRF-Chem simulations for a range of different BB emission scenarios to explore and characterize nonlinear effects and individual contributions from aerosol&amp;#8211;radiation interactions (ARIs) and aerosol&amp;#8211;cloud interactions (ACIs). For scenarios representing the lower and upper limits of BB emission estimates for recent years (2002&amp;#8211;2016), we obtained total regional BB aerosol radiative forcings of -0.2 and 1.5Wm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, showing that the influence of BB aerosols on the regional energy balance can range from modest cooling to strong warming. We find that ACIs dominate at low BB emission rates and low aerosol optical depth (AOD), leading to an increased cloud liquid water path (LWP) and negative radiative forcing, whereas ARIs dominate at high BB emission rates and high AOD, leading to a reduction of LWP and positive radiative forcing. In all scenarios, BB aerosols led to a decrease in the frequency of occurrence and rate of precipitation, caused primarily by ACI effects at low aerosol loading and by ARI effects at high aerosol loading. Overall, our results show that ACIs tend to saturate at high aerosol loading, whereas the strength of ARIs continues to increase and plays a more important role in highly polluted episodes and regions. This should hold not only for BB aerosols over the Amazon, but also for other light-absorbing aerosols such as fossil fuel combustion aerosols in industrialized and densely populated areas. The importance of ARIs at high aerosol loading highlights the need for accurately characterizing aerosol optical properties in the investigation of aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation, and climate.&lt;/p&gt;

Heat storage and energy balance fluxes for a temperate deciduous forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Oliphant ◽  
C.S.B. Grimmond ◽  
H.N. Zutter ◽  
H.P. Schmid ◽  
H.-B. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

The Hydrology and Energy Balance of the Amazon Basin

2016 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Coe ◽  
Marcia N. Macedo ◽  
Paulo M. Brando ◽  
Paul Lefebvre ◽  
Prajjwal Panday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Amazon Basin

Tropical Forests of the Lowlands

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Furley
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
The Tropics

Most of South America lies within the tropics, and lowland tropical ecosystems make up the majority of its landscapes. Although there is great concern for the Amazon ecosystem, the largest of the world’s tropical forests, there are many other fascinating and in some cases more endangered types of lowland forest. Such forests may be defined as lying below 1,000 m above sea level, although it is difficult to set arbitrary limits (Hartshorn, 2001). The two main lowland moist evergreen forests are the Hylea (a term coined by Alexander von Humboldt to denote rain forests of the Amazon Basin) and the much smaller Chocó forest on the Pacific coast between Panama and Ecuador. Two related yet distinctive types of forest are the Mata Atlântica or Atlantic moist evergreen forest and the Mata Decidua or dry deciduous forest, including the caatinga woodland, which is both deciduous and xerophytic (Rizzini et al., 1988). The latter two formations are among the most threatened of all South American forests. Lowland forests vary from dense and multilayered to open and single-layered, from evergreen to deciduous, and from flooded or semi-aquatic to near-arid. Tree heights range from 30 to 40 m with emergent trees reaching over 50 m, to forests where the tallest trees barely attain 20 m (Harcourt and Sayer, 1996; Solorzano, 2001). However, because of its extent and importance, Amazonia will form the principal focus of this chapter. Amazonia covers a vast area (>6 × 106 km2) and contains some 60% of the world’s remaining tropical forest. The Amazon and Orinoco basins influence not only regional climates and air masses, but also atmospheric circulation patterns both north and south of the Equator. The sheer size and diversity of Amazonia exhausts a normal repertoire of grandiose adjectives. The Amazon may or may not be the longest river in the world but it is by far the greatest in terms of discharge, sending around one fifth of the world’s fresh water carried by rivers to the oceans(see chapter 5; Eden, 1990; Sioli, 1984). The drainage basin is twice as large as any other of the world’s catchments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document