scholarly journals Geophysical and hydrogeological experiments from a shallow hydrothermal system at Solfatara Volcano, Campi Flegrei, Italy: Response to caldera unrest

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (B6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Paolo G. Bruno ◽  
Giovanni P. Ricciardi ◽  
Zaccaria Petrillo ◽  
Vincenzo Di Fiore ◽  
Antonio Troiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Unrest

scholarly journals The Campi Flegrei caldera unrest: Discriminating magma intrusions from hydrothermal effects and implications for possible evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Troise ◽  
Giuseppe De Natale ◽  
Roberto Schiavone ◽  
Renato Somma ◽  
Roberto Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Caldera Unrest

scholarly journals Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Coco ◽  
J. Gottsmann ◽  
F. Whitaker ◽  
A. Rust ◽  
G. Currenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Gravity Changes

Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in restless calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains.Informed by constraints available for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas). Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady-state value.Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

The use of IFSAR and classical geodetic techniques for caldera unrest episodes: application to the Campi Flegrei uplift event of 2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lanari ◽  
P. Berardino ◽  
S. Borgström ◽  
C. Del Gaudio ◽  
P. De Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Unrest

scholarly journals Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity–height gradients

2003 ◽  
Vol 211 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gottsmann ◽  
Giovanna Berrino ◽  
Hazel Rymer ◽  
Glyn Williams-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Unrest

scholarly journals Interpretation of Recent Unrest Events (Bradyseism) at Campi Flegrei, Napoli (Italy): Comparison of Models Based on Cyclical Hydrothermal Events versus Shallow Magmatic Intrusive Events

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. Lima ◽  
R. J. Bodnar ◽  
B. De Vivo ◽  
F. J. Spera ◽  
H. E. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Silica Precipitation ◽  
Eruption Precursors ◽  
Upper Aquifer

Several recent models that have been put forth to explain bradyseism at Campi Flegrei (CF), Italy, are discussed. Data obtained during long-term monitoring of the CF volcanic district has led to the development of a model based on lithological-structural and stratigraphic features that produce anisotropic and heterogeneous permeability features showing large variations both horizontally and vertically; these data are inconsistent with a model in which bradyseism is driven exclusively by shallow magmatic intrusions. CF bradyseism events are driven by cyclical magmatic-hydrothermal activity. Bradyseism events are characterized by cyclical, constant invariant signals repeating over time, such as area deformation along with a spatially well-defined seismogenic volume. These similarities have been defined as “bradyseism signatures” that allow us to relate the bradyseism with impending eruption precursors. Bradyseism is governed by an impermeable shallow layer (B-layer), which is the cap of an anticlinal geological structure culminating at Pozzuoli, where maximum uplift is recorded. This B-layer acts as a throttling valve between the upper aquifer and the deeper hydrothermal system that experiences short (1-102 yr) timescale fluctuations between lithostatic/hydrostatic pressure. The hydrothermal system also communicates episodically with a cooling and quasi-steady-state long timescale (103-104 yr) magmatic system enclosed by an impermeable carapace (A layer). Connectivity between hydrostatic and lithostatic reservoirs is episodically turned on and off causing alternatively subsidence (when the systems are connected) or uplift (when the systems are disconnected), depending on whether permeability by fractures is established or not. Earthquake swarms are the manifestation of hydrofracturing which allows fluid expansion; this same process promotes silica precipitation that seals cracks and serves to isolate the two reservoirs. Faults and fractures promote outgassing and reduce the vertical uplift rate depending on fluid pressure gradients and spatial and temporal variations in the permeability field. The miniuplift episodes also show “bradyseism signatures” and are well explained in the context of the short timescale process.

scholarly journals Repeated absolute gravity measurements on a dense network at Campi Flegrei – a reliable tool for volcano monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Giovanna Berrino ◽  
Giuseppe Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Absolute Gravity ◽  
Absolute Gravimeter ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
Gravity Network ◽  
Absolute Measurements

Abstract. Since 1981, relative gravity measurements have routinely carried out at the Campi Flegrei caldera, a densely populated area. The gravity network also includes two absolute stations periodically measured with a laboratory absolute gravimeter, which does not permit field measurements. At the end of 2014, the Osservatorio Vesuviano, Section of Napoli of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV-OV), acquired a portable absolute gravimeter that allows field operations on outdoor sites. Therefore, in 2015 a dense absolute gravity network was established in Campi Flegrei. This will permit an advanced approach for volcano monitoring. The net consists of 36 stations, 34 of which located inside the caldera and placed upon or very close to gravity stations belonging to the relative network. Five surveys were carried out on June 2015, on February and November 2017, on October 2018 and on October 2019. The comparison with height changes suggests that significant Δg are partly due to the uplift occurred over the same time intervals and mostly to shallow processes associated to the dynamic of the local hydrothermal system. The comparison with the gradients observed during the last large uplift (1982–1984) and the following subsidence (1985–2003) confirms this observation. These results suggest that the present activity may be due to a transient or pulsating phenomenon as the alternating recharge/discharge of fluids in the surface hydrothermal system. Gravity changes detected by absolute measurements are in good agreement with those obtained by relative ones, and confirms the feasibility of this methodology for volcano monitoring. Finally, they also encourage replacing the relative networks with absolute ones, with all the consequent advantages.

scholarly journals A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sacchi ◽  
Giuseppe De Natale ◽  
Volkhard Spiess ◽  
Lena Steinmann ◽  
Valerio Acocella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Magma Chambers ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Magma Reservoirs ◽  
Campanian Plain ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program

Abstract. Large calderas are among the Earth's major volcanic features. They are associated with large magma reservoirs and elevated geothermal gradients. Caldera-forming eruptions result from the withdrawal and collapse of the magma chambers and produce large-volume pyroclastic deposits and later-stage deformation related to post-caldera resurgence and volcanism. Unrest episodes are not always followed by an eruption; however, every eruption is preceded by unrest. The Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), located along the eastern Tyrrhenian coastline in southern Italy, is close to the densely populated area of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth and represents a key example of an active, resurgent caldera. It has been traditionally interpreted as a nested caldera formed by collapses during the 100–200 km3 Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption at ∼39 ka and the 40 km3 eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) at ∼15 ka. Recent studies have suggested that the CI may instead have been fed by a fissure eruption from the Campanian Plain, north of Campi Flegrei. A MagellanPlus workshop was held in Naples, Italy, on 25–28 February 2017 to explore the potential of the CFc as target for an amphibious drilling project within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). It was agreed that Campi Flegrei is an ideal site to investigate the mechanisms of caldera formation and associated post-caldera dynamics and to analyze the still poorly understood interplay between hydrothermal and magmatic processes. A coordinated onshore–offshore drilling strategy has been developed to reconstruct the structure and evolution of Campi Flegrei and to investigate volcanic precursors by examining (a) the succession of volcanic and hydrothermal products and related processes, (b) the inner structure of the caldera resurgence, (c) the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the hydrothermal system and offshore sediments, and (d) the geological expression of the phreatic and hydromagmatic eruptions, hydrothermal degassing, sedimentary structures, and other records of these phenomena. The deployment of a multiparametric in situ monitoring system at depth will enable near-real-time tracking of changes in the magma reservoir and hydrothermal system.

scholarly journals Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 5544-5555 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Giudicepietro ◽  
G. Chiodini ◽  
S. Caliro ◽  
W. De Cesare ◽  
A. M. Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Caldera Unrest ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Source and dynamics of a volcanic caldera unrest: Campi Flegrei, 1983–84

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca De Siena ◽  
Giovanni Chiodini ◽  
Giuseppe Vilardo ◽  
Edoardo Del Pezzo ◽  
Mario Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Unrest ◽  
Volcanic Caldera
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