scholarly journals Equatorial Atmosphere Radar observations of short vertical wavelength gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region induced by localized convection

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Dhaka ◽  
M. K. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Shibagaki ◽  
H. Hashiguchi ◽  
S. Fukao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Vertical Wavelength ◽  
Radar Observations ◽  
Upper Troposphere

scholarly journals Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 7667-7684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Junhong Wei ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
K. P. Bowman ◽  
L. L. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. This study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS). The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which took place on 21–22 April 2008. This was the first airborne mission dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet–front systems. Based on spectral and wavelet analyses of the in situ observations, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relationships, clear signals of mesoscale variations with wavelengths ~ 50–500 km are found in almost every segment of the 8 h flight, which took place mostly in the lower stratosphere. The aircraft sampled a wide range of background conditions including the region near the jet core, the jet exit and over the Rocky Mountains with clear evidence of vertically propagating gravity waves of along-track wavelength between 100 and 120 km. The power spectra of the horizontal velocity components and potential temperature for the scale approximately between ~ 8 and ~ 256 km display an approximate −5/3 power law in agreement with past studies on aircraft measurements, while the fluctuations roll over to a −3 power law for the scale approximately between ~ 0.5 and ~ 8 km (except when this part of the spectrum is activated, as recorded clearly by one of the flight segments). However, at least part of the high-frequency signals with sampled periods of ~ 20–~ 60 s and wavelengths of ~ 5–~ 15 km might be due to intrinsic observational errors in the aircraft measurements, even though the possibilities that these fluctuations may be due to other physical phenomena (e.g., nonlinear dynamics, shear instability and/or turbulence) cannot be completely ruled out.

An investigation into the characteristics of inertia gravity waves in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere using a 205 MHz wind profiling radar

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajil Kottayil ◽  
Karathazhiyath Satheesan ◽  
Kesavapillai Mohankumar ◽  
Sivan Chandran ◽  
Titu Samson
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Inertia Gravity Waves

scholarly journals Initial MST radar observations of upper tropospheric-lower stratospheric duct-like structures over Jicamarca, Peru

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 11085-11093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Li ◽  
S. Naqvi ◽  
A. J. Gerrard ◽  
J. L. Chau ◽  
Y. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
Mst Radar ◽  
Wind Measurements

Abstract. Persistent wind jet structures along zonal and meridional fields, believed to be caused by stationary gravity waves, were detected in February 1999 in mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar wind measurements of the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Jicamarca, Peru. Over a continuous seven day span of MST-data analyzed in this study, two days of observations showed signatures of wave-like structures in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere wind jets associated with the phases of the stationary gravity waves. We believe these wave-like structures are ducted gravity waves. We present these initial observations, their characteristics, and the results of simple numerical simulations used in an attempt to mimic these observed features. Although a fair replication of the observed ducted structure in the numerical model is found, the observed period of ~90 min is nonetheless much longer than what is traditionally observed. As a result, the specific physical nature of the observed structures is not fully established. Nevertheless, given the high quality of the observations, we demonstrate here that continued analysis of this data set and concurrent modeling efforts will allow for a better understanding of Doppler ducts at high spatial and temporal resolution, and the results presented here can ultimately be applied to studies of middle atmospheric fronts, ducts, and bores.

scholarly journals Mesoscale Horizontal Kinetic Energy Spectra of a Tropical Cyclone

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3579-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Saisai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Vertically Propagating

A high-resolution cloud-permitting simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is performed to investigate the mesoscale horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectra of a tropical cyclone (TC). The spectrum displays an arc-like shape in the troposphere and a quasi-linear shape in the lower stratosphere for wavelengths below 500 km during the mature period of the TC, while they both develop a quasi −5/3 slope. The total HKE spectrum is dominated by its rotational component in the troposphere but by its divergent component in the lower stratosphere. Further spectral HKE budget diagnosis reveals a generally downscale cascade of HKE, although a local upscale cascade gradually forms in the lower stratosphere. However, the mesoscale energy spectrum is not only governed by the energy cascade, but is evidently influenced also by other physical processes, among which the buoyancy effect converts available potential energy (APE) to HKE in the mid- and upper troposphere and converts HKE to APE in the lower stratosphere, the vertically propagating inertia–gravity waves transport the HKE from the upper troposphere to lower and higher layers, and the vertical transportation of convection always transports HKE upward.

scholarly journals Horizontal divergence of typhoon-generated gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and its influence on typhoon evolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 3175-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kim ◽  
H.-Y. Chun ◽  
W. Jang
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Spiral Rainbands

Abstract. The characteristics of horizontal divergence induced by typhoon-generated gravity waves (HDTGWs) and the influence of HDTGW on typhoon evolution are investigated based on the simulation results of Typhoon Saomai (2006) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The power spectral density of HDTGW shows dominant powers at horizontal wavelengths of 20–30 km and at periods of less than 1 h. This is associated with gravity waves generated by vigorous convective clouds in an inner core region of the typhoon. However, the domain-averaged HDTGW in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere had a spectral peak at 24 h, which is well correlated with the minimum sea-level pressure of the typhoon, especially during a rapidly developing period. The 24 h period of the averaged HDTGW stems from the inertia–gravity waves generated by the convective clouds in the spiral rainbands, and showed no clear association with the thermal tides or the diurnal variation of precipitation.

scholarly journals Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 Field Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4725-4766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqing Zhang ◽  
Junhong Wei ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
K. P. Bowman ◽  
L. L. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. This study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere–Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS) region. The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which took place on 21–22 April 2008. This was the first airborne mission dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet-front systems. Based on spectral and wavelet analyses of the in situ observations, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relationships, clear signals of mesoscale variations with wavelengths ~50–500 km are found in almost every segment of the 8 h flight, which took place mostly in the lower stratosphere. The aircraft sampled a wide range of background conditions including the region near the jet core, the jet exit and over the Rocky Mountains. In contrast to the long wavelength mesoscale variations, smaller-scale wavelike oscillations below 50 km are found to be quite transient. In particular, aircraft measurements of several flight segments are dominated by signals with periods of ~20– ~60 s and wavelengths of ~5– ~15 km. We speculate that at least part of these nearly-periodic high-frequency signals are a result of intrinsic observational errors in the aircraft measurements or small-scale flight-altitude fluctuations that are difficult to fully characterize. Despite the presence of possibly spurious wave oscillations in several flight segments, the power spectra of horizontal winds and temperature averaged over the analyzed START08 flight segments follow closely the -5/3 power law.

scholarly journals The Atmospheric Overturning Induced by Hector the Convector

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3271-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Dauhut ◽  
Jean-Pierre Chaboureau ◽  
Patrick Mascart ◽  
Olivier Pauluis
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy

Abstract The overturning of Hector the Convector, a tropical multicellular convective system of northern Australia that regularly overshoots into the stratosphere, is synthesized at the scale of a large-eddy simulation. The isentropic analysis offers the advantage of filtering out the reversible motions due to gravity waves and taking into account the turbulent fluxes that contribute to the vertical transport. Two key circulations are characterized: the troposphere deep overturning and the mass exchange due to the overshoots into the stratosphere. The transition from deep to very deep convection is associated with a change in the diabatic tendency inside the tallest updrafts: the latent heat release due to the formation of a large amount of icy hydrometeors exceeds the loss of energy due to mixing with the drier, colder air of the environment. In agreement with a previous study of Hector examining the properties of its two tallest updrafts, the entrainment rate exhibits a minimum during the very deep convection phase as low as 0.04 km−1. The overturning intensity corroborates the Eulerian computation of the vertical mass flux in the midtroposphere and in the lower stratosphere. It however gives a lower estimate of the flux in the upper troposphere, filtering out the reversible motions, and a larger estimate in the lower troposphere and at the tropopause, where slow vertical motions contribute significantly to the transport.

scholarly journals Dynamical Mechanism for the Increase in Tropical Upwelling in the Lowermost Tropical Stratosphere during Warm ENSO Events

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2331-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Calvo ◽  
R. R. Garcia ◽  
W. J. Randel ◽  
D. R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Dynamical Mechanism ◽  
Wind Pattern ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Anomalous Wind ◽  
Recent Version

Abstract The Brewer–Dobson circulation strengthens in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Dynamical analyses using the most recent version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model show that this is due mainly to anomalous forcing by orographic gravity waves, which maximizes in the Northern Hemisphere subtropics between 18 and 22 km, especially during the strongest warm ENSO episodes. Anomalies in the meridional gradient of temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are produced during warm ENSO events, accompanied by anomalies in the location and intensity of the subtropical jets. This anomalous wind pattern alters the propagation and dissipation of the parameterized gravity waves, which ultimately force increases in tropical upwelling in the lowermost stratosphere. During cold ENSO events a similar signal, but of opposite sign, is present in the model simulations. The signals in ozone and water vapor produced by ENSO events in the UTLS are also investigated.

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