Drop size spectra and integral remote sensing parameters in the transition from convective to stratiform rain

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Atlas ◽  
Carlton Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Stratiform Rain

scholarly journals Analysis of Measured Drop Size Spectra over Land and Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Bumke ◽  
Jörg Seltmann
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Stratiform Rain ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Rain Rates

Drop size spectra were measured by using an optical disdrometer of type ODM 470 at different locations. They were subdivided in to four data sets: measurements over land, in coastal areas, over semienclosed seas, and over the open sea. Based on 1-minute measurement intervals, no differences were found in drop size spectra between continental and maritime areas. An exponential model with a rain rate depending on interception number and prefactor in the exponent fits well the spectra, and maximum drop sizes depend strongly on estimated rain rates. In contrast to other investigations, there are no significant differences between spectra of convective and stratiform rain based on 1-minute measurement intervals. However, spectra integrated over 10 minutes show the expected differences.

Drop Size Spectra from Nozzles in High-Speed Airstreams

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley E. Yates ◽  
Robert E. Cowden ◽  
Norman B. Akesson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Size Spectra

Drop Coagulation in Cross-Over Pipe Flows of Wet Steam

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. E. Williams ◽  
R. I. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Wet Steam ◽  
Coagulation Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Pipe Flows ◽  
The Core ◽  
Median Diameter

A numerical technique is developed for predicting the evolution of drop-size spectra in turbulent, two-phase pipe flows. While relevant to many chemical engineering processes, it is applied here to the crossover pipes of a nuclear wet-steam turbine. Valid expressions for turbulent coagulation rate in the cross-over pipes are available only for drops below about 10 μm diameter in the core flow, and for those exceeding about 20 μm near the pipe wall. Using these expressions, it is found that the rapid formation of large drops in the core allows prediction for only a small fraction of the typical residence time in the pipe, but near the wall the volume median diameter of an initial 20 μm monodispersion can double in 100 ms. Further work is required to validate the technique and extend it to handle the intervening ranges of drop size and turbulence parameters.

Rain events on 22 October 2006 in León (Spain): Drop size spectra

2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
Amaya Castro ◽  
Covadonga Palencia ◽  
Ana I. Calvo ◽  
Roberto Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Rain Events

On the Influence of Assumed Drop Size Distribution Form on Radar-Retrieved Thunderstorm Microphysics

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Brandes ◽  
Guifu Zhang ◽  
Juanzhen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Polarimetric Radar ◽  
Stratiform Rain ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
Strong Convection ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Size Model ◽  
Drop Size Distributions

Abstract Polarimetric radar measurements are used to retrieve drop size distributions (DSD) in subtropical thunderstorms. Retrievals are made with the single-moment exponential drop size model of Marshall and Palmer driven by radar reflectivity measurements and with a two-parameter constrained-gamma drop size model that utilizes reflectivity and differential reflectivity. Results are compared with disdrometer observations. Retrievals with the constrained-gamma DSD model gave better representation of total drop concentration, liquid water content, and drop median volume diameter and better described their natural variability. The Marshall–Palmer DSD model, with a fixed intercept parameter, tended to underestimate the total drop concentration in storm cores and to overestimate significantly the concentration in stratiform regions. Rainwater contents in strong convection were underestimated by a factor of 2–3, and drop median volume diameters in stratiform rain were underestimated by 0.5 mm. To determine possible DSD model impacts on numerical forecasts, evaporation and accretion rates were computed using Kessler-type parameterizations. Rates based on the Marshall–Palmer DSD model were lower by a factor of 2–3 in strong convection and were higher by about a factor of 2 in stratiform rain than those based on the constrained-gamma model. The study demonstrates the potential of polarimetric radar measurements for improving the understanding of precipitation processes and microphysics parameterization in numerical forecast models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document