Volcanic gases emitted during mild Strombolian activity of Villarrica volcano, Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Gases ◽  
Strombolian Activity ◽  
Villarrica Volcano

scholarly journals On the use of plume models to estimate the flux in volcanic gas plumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Woitischek ◽  
Nicola Mingotti ◽  
Marie Edmonds ◽  
Andrew W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Gas Flux ◽  
Convective Structures ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Villarrica Volcano

AbstractMany of the standard volcanic gas flux measurement approaches involve absorption spectroscopy in combination with wind speed measurements. Here, we present a new method using video images of volcanic plumes to measure the speed of convective structures combined with classical plume theory to estimate volcanic fluxes. We apply the method to a nearly vertical gas plume at Villarrica Volcano, Chile, and a wind-blown gas plume at Mount Etna, Italy. Our estimates of the gas fluxes are consistent in magnitude with previous reported fluxes obtained by spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors for these volcanoes. Compared to conventional gas flux measurement techniques focusing on SO2, our new model also has the potential to be used for sulfur-poor plumes in hydrothermal systems because it estimates the H2O flux.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the 2015 Villarrica Volcano Eruption by Means of DLR’s Experimental TET-1 Satellite

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Plank ◽  
Michael Nolde ◽  
Rudolf Richter ◽  
Christian Fischer ◽  
Sandro Martinis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Villarrica Volcano ◽  
Radiant Power ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
Active Volcanoes

Villarrica Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the South Andes Volcanic Zone. This article presents the results of a monitoring of the time before and after the 3 March 2015 eruption by analyzing nine satellite images acquired by the Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), a small experimental German Aerospace Center (DLR) satellite. An atmospheric correction of the TET-1 data is presented, based on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Database (GDEM) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water vapor data with the shortest temporal baseline to the TET-1 acquisitions. Next, the temperature, area coverage, and radiant power of the detected thermal hotspots were derived at subpixel level and compared with observations derived from MODIS and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data. Thermal anomalies were detected nine days before the eruption. After the decrease of the radiant power following the 3 March 2015 eruption, a stronger increase of the radiant power was observed on 25 April 2015. In addition, we show that the eruption-related ash coverage of the glacier at Villarrica Volcano could clearly be detected in TET-1 imagery. Landsat-8 imagery was analyzed for comparison. The information extracted from the TET-1 thermal data is thought be used in future to support and complement ground-based observations of active volcanoes.

Native gold from volcanic gases at Tolbachik 1975–76 and 2012–13 Fissure Eruptions, Kamchatka

2015 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Chaplygin ◽  
Marina Yudovskaya ◽  
Lidiya Vergasova ◽  
Andrey Mokhov
Keyword(s):  
Native Gold ◽  
Volcanic Gases

Volcanic Gases

2018 ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Alessandro Aiuppa ◽  
Fabrice Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Gases

scholarly journals Long range transport and fate of a stratospheric volcanic cloud from Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 4657-4672 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Prata ◽  
S. A. Carn ◽  
A. Stohl ◽  
J. Kerkmann
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Volcanic Gases ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Soufriere Hills Volcano ◽  
Soufrière Hills Volcano ◽  
Soufriere Hills ◽  
Volcanic Cloud ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions emit gases, ash particles and hydrometeors into the atmosphere, occasionally reaching great heights to reside in the stratospheric overworld where they affect the radiative balance of the atmosphere and the earth's climate. Here we use satellite measurements and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to determine the mass loadings, vertical penetration, horizontal extent, dispersion and transport of volcanic gases and particles in the stratosphere from the volcanic cloud emitted during the 20 May 2006 eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. Infrared, ultraviolet and microwave radiation measurements from two polar orbiters are used to quantify the gases and particles, and track the movement of the cloud for 23 days, over a distance of ~18 000 km. Approximately, 0.1±0.01 Tg(S) was injected into the stratosphere in the form of SO2: the largest single sulfur input to the stratosphere in 2006. Microwave Limb Sounder measurements indicate an enhanced mass of HCl of ~0.003–0.01 Tg. Geosynchronous satellite data reveal the rapid nature of the stratospheric injection and indicate that the eruption cloud contained ~2 Tg of ice, with very little ash reaching the stratosphere. These new satellite measurements of volcanic gases and particles can be used to test the sensitivity of climate to volcanic forcing and assess the impact of stratospheric sulfates on climate cooling.

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