scholarly journals An empirical investigation of source term balance of small scale surface waves

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Surface

Interaction between small-scale surface waves and large-scale internal waves

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi H. Rizk ◽  
Denny R. S. Ko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Internal Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Investigating the turbulent dynamics of small-scale surface fires

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Desai ◽  
Scott Goodrick ◽  
Tirtha Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Measurement-free implementations of small-scale surface codes for quantum-dot qubits

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ekmel Ercan ◽  
Joydip Ghosh ◽  
Daniel Crow ◽  
Vickram N. Premakumar ◽  
Robert Joynt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Surface

Tracking of velocity variations at depth in the presence of surface velocity fluctuations

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. U1-U8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit de Cacqueray ◽  
Philippe Roux ◽  
Michel Campillo ◽  
Stefan Catheline
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Wave Separation ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Velocity Variations

We tested a small-scale experiment that is dedicated to the study of the wave separation algorithm and to the velocity variations monitoring problem itself. It handles the case in which velocity variations at depth are hidden by near-surface velocity fluctuations. Using an acquisition system that combines an array of sources and an array of receivers, coupled with controlled velocity variations, we tested the ability of beam-forming techniques to track velocity variations separately for body waves and surface waves. After wave separation through double beam forming, the arrival time variations of the different waves were measured through the phase difference between the extracted wavelets. Finally, a method was tested to estimate near-surface velocity variations using surface waves or shallow reflection and compute a correction to isolate target velocity variations at depth.

scholarly journals Statistical properties of nonlinear one-dimensional wave fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chalikov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
Linear Waves ◽  
Stokes Waves

Abstract. A numerical model for long-term simulation of gravity surface waves is described. The model is designed as a component of a coupled Wave Boundary Layer/Sea Waves model, for investigation of small-scale dynamic and thermodynamic interactions between the ocean and atmosphere. Statistical properties of nonlinear wave fields are investigated on a basis of direct hydrodynamical modeling of 1-D potential periodic surface waves. The method is based on a nonstationary conformal surface-following coordinate transformation; this approach reduces the principal equations of potential waves to two simple evolutionary equations for the elevation and the velocity potential on the surface. The numerical scheme is based on a Fourier transform method. High accuracy was confirmed by validation of the nonstationary model against known solutions, and by comparison between the results obtained with different resolutions in the horizontal. The scheme allows reproduction of the propagation of steep Stokes waves for thousands of periods with very high accuracy. The method here developed is applied to simulation of the evolution of wave fields with large number of modes for many periods of dominant waves. The statistical characteristics of nonlinear wave fields for waves of different steepness were investigated: spectra, curtosis and skewness, dispersion relation, life time. The prime result is that wave field may be presented as a superposition of linear waves is valid only for small amplitudes. It is shown as well, that nonlinear wave fields are rather a superposition of Stokes waves not linear waves. Potential flow, free surface, conformal mapping, numerical modeling of waves, gravity waves, Stokes waves, breaking waves, freak waves, wind-wave interaction.

Langmuir turbulence and filament frontogenesis in the oceanic surface boundary layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 512-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Sullivan ◽  
James C. McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Langmuir Turbulence ◽  
Filament Axis ◽  
Submesoscale Currents

Submesoscale currents, small-scale turbulence and surface gravity waves co-exist in the upper ocean and interact in complex ways. To expose the couplings, the frontogenetic life cycle of an idealized cold dense submesoscale filament interacting with upper ocean Langmuir turbulence is investigated in large-eddy simulations (LESs) based on the incompressible wave-averaged equations. The simulations utilize large domains and fine meshes with $6.4\times 10^{9}$ grid points. Case studies are made with surface winds or surface cooling with waves oriented in across-filament (perpendicular) or down-filament (parallel) directions relative to the two-dimensional filament axis. The currents $u$, $v$ and $w$ are aligned with the across-filament, down-filament and vertical directions, respectively. Frontogenesis is induced by across-filament Lagrangian secondary circulations in the boundary layer, and it is shown to be strongly impacted by surface waves, in particular the propagation direction relative to the filament axis. In a horizontally heterogeneous boundary layer, surface waves induce both mean and fluctuating Stokes-drift vortex forces that modify a linear, hydrostatic turbulent thermal wind (TTW) approximation for momentum. Down-filament winds and waves are found to be especially impactful, they significantly reduce the peak level of frontogenesis by fragmenting the filament into primary and secondary down-welling sites in a broad frontal zone over a width ${\sim}500~\text{m}$. At peak frontogenesis, opposing down-filament jets $\langle v\rangle$ overlie each other resulting in a vigorous vertical shear layer $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{z}\langle v\rangle$ with large vertical momentum flux $\langle v^{\prime }w^{\prime }\rangle$. Filament arrest is induced by a lateral shear instability that generates horizontal momentum flux $\langle u^{\prime }v^{\prime }\rangle$ at low wavenumbers. The turbulent vertical velocity patterns, indicative of coherent Langmuir cells, change markedly across the horizontal domain with both across-filament and down-filament winds under the action of submesoscale currents.

scholarly journals Characterization of small-scale surface topography using transmission electron microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 045004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subarna R Khanal ◽  
Abhijeet Gujrati ◽  
Sai Bharadwaj Vishnubhotla ◽  
Pawel Nowakowski ◽  
Cecile S Bonifacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scale Surface
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