Satellite observations of the water vapor greenhouse effect and column longwave cooling rates: Relative roles of the continuum and vibration-rotation to pure rotation bands

2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (D6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand K. Inamdar ◽  
V. Ramanathan ◽  
Norman G. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Pure Rotation ◽  
Vibration Rotation ◽  
The Continuum

scholarly journals Effect of tropical cyclones on the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange observed using satellite observations over north Indian Ocean

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkat Ratnam ◽  
S. Ravindra Babu ◽  
S. S. Das ◽  
Ghouse Basha ◽  
B. V. Krishnamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Tropical cyclones play an important role in modifying the tropopause structure and dynamics as well as stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) process in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region. In the present study, the impact of cyclones that occurred over the North Indian Ocean during 2007–2013 on the STE process is quantified using satellite observations. Tropopause characteristics during cyclones are obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO) measurements and ozone and water vapor concentrations in UTLS region are obtained from Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite observations. The effect of cyclones on the tropopause parameters is observed to be more prominent within 500 km from the centre of cyclone. In our earlier study we have observed decrease (increase) in the tropopause altitude (temperature) up to 0.6 km (3 K) and the convective outflow level increased up to 2 km. This change leads to a total increase in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) thickness of 3 km within the 500 km from the centre of cyclone. Interestingly, an enhancement in the ozone mixing ratio in the upper troposphere is clearly noticed within 500 km from cyclone centre whereas the enhancement in the water vapor in the lower stratosphere is more significant on south-east side extending from 500–1000 km away from the cyclone centre. We estimated the cross-tropopause mass flux for different intensities of cyclones and found that the mean flux from stratosphere to troposphere for cyclonic stroms is 0.05 ± 0.29 × 10−3 kg m−2 and for very severe cyclonic stroms it is 0.5 ± 1.07 × 10−3 kg m−2. More downward flux is noticed in the north-west and south-west side of the cyclone centre. These results indicate that the cyclones have significant impact in effecting the tropopause structure, ozone and water vapour budget and consequentially the STE in the UTLS region.

Influence of temperature on the integral intensities of vibration-rotation absorption bands of water vapor and carbon dioxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Moskalenko ◽  
Yu. A. Il'in ◽  
N. K. Pokotilo ◽  
S. A. Sementsov ◽  
V. T. Pushkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Vibration Rotation

INFLUENCE OF VIBRATION–ROTATION INTERACTION ON THE INTENSITIES OF PURE ROTATION LINES OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Herman ◽  
Robert J. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Anharmonic Oscillator ◽  
Diatomic Molecules ◽  
Potential Energy Function ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Contact Transformation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pure Rotation ◽  
Rotation Line ◽  
Vibration Rotation

The magnitude of the effect of the vibration–rotation interaction on the intensities of pure rotation lines of diatomic molecules has been calculated for two different molecular models, the anharmonic oscillator and the rotating Morse or Pekeris oscillator. The intensity correction for the anharmonic oscillator has been obtained by adapting the contact transformation formalism for calculating second-order corrections to the energy to the calculation of first-order corrections to the matrix elements of the electric moment as suggested by H. H. Nielsen. The correction to the line intensity for vibrationless transitions of the anharmonic oscillator is found to be[Formula: see text]The results obtained here are also in complete agreement, to first order, with the results obtained earlier by Herman and Wallis for the 1–0 and 2–0 vibration–rotation line intensities. In the case of the Pekeris or rotating Morse oscillator the correction to the pure rotation line intensity is of the same form as above, namely,[Formula: see text]but exhibits minor differences which can be explained in terms of the difference in the vibrational potential energy function in the two cases.

scholarly journals Intercalibrating Microwave Satellite Observations for Monitoring Long-Term Variations in Upper- and Midtropospheric Water Vapor*

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui-Seok Chung ◽  
Brian J. Soden ◽  
Viju O. John
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Water Vapor Absorption ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Orbital Drift

Abstract This paper analyzes the growing archive of 183-GHz water vapor absorption band measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) on board polar-orbiting satellites and document adjustments necessary to use the data for long-term climate monitoring. The water vapor channels located at 183.31 ± 1 GHz and 183.31 ± 3 GHz are sensitive to upper- and midtropospheric relative humidity and less prone to the clear-sky sampling bias than infrared measurements, making them a valuable but underutilized source of information on free-tropospheric water vapor. A method for the limb correction of the satellite viewing angle based upon a simplified model of radiative transfer is introduced to remove the scan angle dependence of the radiances. Biases due to the difference in local observation time between satellites and spurious trends associated with satellite orbital drift are then diagnosed and adjusted for using synthetic radiative simulations based on the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). The adjusted, cloud-filtered, and limb-corrected brightness temperatures are then intercalibrated using zonal-mean brightness temperature differences. It is found that these correction procedures significantly improve consistency and quantitative agreement between microwave radiometric satellite observations that can be used to monitor upper- and midtropospheric water vapor. The resulting radiances are converted to estimates of the deep-layer-mean upper- and midtropospheric relative humidity, and can be used to evaluate trends in upper-tropospheric relative humidity from reanalysis datasets and coupled ocean–atmosphere models.

Multi-isotopologue analyses of new vibration–rotation and pure rotation spectra of ZnH and CdH

2006 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shayesteh ◽  
Robert J. Le Roy ◽  
Thomas D. Varberg ◽  
Peter F. Bernath
Keyword(s):  
Pure Rotation ◽  
Vibration Rotation

scholarly journals First UV satellite observations of mesospheric water vapor

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (D12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Stevens ◽  
R. L. Gattinger ◽  
J. Gumbel ◽  
E. J. Llewellyn ◽  
D. A. Degenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Satellite Observations

scholarly journals Observations of Temperature, Wind, Cirrus, and Trace Gases in the Tropical Tropopause Transition Layer during the MJO*

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1143-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina S. Virts ◽  
John M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Water Vapor Mixing Ratio

Abstract Satellite observations of temperature, optically thin cirrus clouds, and trace gases derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are analyzed in combination with Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) wind and humidity fields in the tropical tropopause transition layer (TTL), using the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) as a carrier signal. MJO-related deep convection induces planetary-scale Kelvin and Rossby waves in the stably stratified TTL. Regions of ascent in these waves are associated with anomalously low temperatures, high radiative heating rates, enhanced cirrus occurrence, and high carbon monoxide and low ozone concentrations. Low water vapor mixing ratio anomalies lag the low temperature anomalies by about 1–2 weeks. The anomalies in all fields propagate eastward, circumnavigating the tropical belt over a roughly 40-day interval. Equatorial cross sections reveal that the anomalies tilt eastward with height in the TTL and propagate downward from the lower stratosphere into the upper troposphere. As MJO-related convection moves into the western Pacific and dissipates, a fast-moving Kelvin wave flanked by Rossby waves propagates eastward across South America and Africa into the western Indian Ocean. The region of equatorial westerly wind anomalies behind the Kelvin wave front lengthens until it encompasses most of the tropics at the 150-hPa level, giving rise to equatorially symmetric, anomalously low zonal-mean temperature and water vapor mixing ratio and enhanced cirrus above about 100 hPa.

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