Spatial and temporal variability of the stratospheric aerosol cloud produced by the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Antuña
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption

scholarly journals Ship-borne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Antuña-Marrero ◽  
Graham W. Mann ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sergey Avdyushin ◽  
Bruno Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. A key limitation of volcanic forcing datasets for the Pinatubo period, is the large uncertainty that remains with respect to the extent of the optical depth of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the first year after the eruption, the saturation of the SAGE-II instrument restricting it to only be able to measure the upper part of the aerosol cloud in the tropics. Here we report the recovery of stratospheric aerosol measurements from two ship-borne lidars, both of which measured the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol produced by the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. The lidars were on-board two Soviet vessels, each ship crossing the Atlantic, their measurement datasets providing unique observational transects of the Pinatubo cloud across the tropics from Europe to the Caribbean (~ 40° N to 8° N) from July to September 1991 (the Prof Zubov ship) and from Europe to south of the Equator (8° S to ~ 40° N) between January and February 1992 (the Prof Vize ship). Our philosophy with the data recovery is to follow the same algorithms and parameters appearing in the two peer-reviewed articles that presented these datasets in the same issue of GRL in 1993, and here we provide all 48 lidar soundings made from the Prof. Zubov, and 11 of the 20 conducted from the Prof. Vize, ensuring we have reproduced the aerosols backscatter and extinction values in the Figures of those two papers. These original approaches used thermodynamic properties from the CIRA-86 standard atmosphere to derive the molecular backscattering, vertically and temporally constant values applied for the aerosol backscatter to extinction ratio and the correction factor of the aerosols backscattering wavelength dependence. We demonstrate this initial validation of the recovered stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles, providing full details of each dataset in this paper's Supplement S1, the original text files of the backscatter ratio, the calculated aerosols backscatter and extinction profiles. We anticipate the data providing potential new observational case studies for modelling analyses, including a 1-week series of consecutive soundings (in September 1991) at the same location showing the progression of the entrainment of part of the Pinatubo plume into the upper troposphere and the formation of an associated cirrus cloud. The Zubov lidar dataset illustrates how the tropically confined Pinatubo aerosol cloud transformed from a highly heterogeneous vertical structure in August 1991, maximum aerosol extinction values around 19 km for the lower layer and 23–24 for the upper layer, to a more homogeneous and deeper reservoir of volcanic aerosol in September 1991. We encourage modelling groups to consider new analyses of the Pinatubo cloud, comparing to the recovered datasets, with the potential to increase our understanding of the evolution of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud and its effects. Data described in this work are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.912770 (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2020).

Long-term observations of the midlatitude stratospheric aerosol from the Mount Pinatubo eruption

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Woods ◽  
David M. Winker ◽  
Otto Youngbluth, Jr. ◽  
Mary T. Osborn ◽  
Robert J. DeCoursey
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption

Long-lived ultra-fine ash particles within the Pinatubo volcanic aerosol cloud and their potential impact on its global dispersion and radiative forcings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shallcross ◽  
Graham Mann ◽  
Anja Schmidt ◽  
Jim Haywood ◽  
Frances Beckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Volcanic Cloud

<p>Volcanic aerosol simulations with interactive stratospheric aerosol models mostly neglect ash particles, due to a general assumption they sediment out of the volcanic plume within the first few weeks and have limited impacts on the progression of the volcanic aerosol cloud (Niemeier et al., 2009). </p> <p>However, observations, such as ground-based and airborne lidar (Vaughan et al., 1994; Browell et al., 1993), along with impactor measurements (Pueschel et al., 1994) in the months after the Mount Pinatubo eruption suggest the base of the aerosol cloud contained ash particles coated in sulphuric acid for around 9 months after the eruption occurred.  Impactor measurements from flights following the 1963 Agung and 1982 El Chichon eruptions also show ash remained present for many months after the eruption (Mossop, 1964; Gooding et al., 1983).  <br /><br />More recently, satellite, in situ and optical particle counter measurements after the 2014 Mount Kelud eruption showed ash particles ~0.3 µm in size accounting for 20-28% of the volcanic cloud AOD 3 months following the eruption (Vernier et al., 2016; Deshler, 2016).  This evidence suggests that sub-micron ash particles may persist for longer in the atmosphere than is often assumed. </p> <p>We explore how the presence of these sub-micron ash particles affects the progression of a major tropical volcanic aerosol cloud, showing results from simulations with a new configuration of the composition-climate model UM-UKCA, adapted to co-emit fine-ash alongside SO2.   In the UM-UKCA simulations, internally mixed ash-sulphuric particles are transported within the existing coarse-insoluble mode of the GLOMAP-mode aerosol scheme. <br /><br />Size fractions of 0.1, 0.316 and 1 µm diameter ash were tested for the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption with an ultra-fine ash mass co-emission of 0.05 and 0.5 Tg, based on 0.1% and 1% of an assumed fine ash emission of 50Tg.  Whereas the 0.316 and 1 µm sized particles sedimented out of the stratosphere within the first 90 days after the eruption, the 0.1 µm persisted within the lower portion of volcanic cloud for ~9 months,  retaining over half its original mass (0.035 Tg) February 1992. </p> <p>We investigate model experiments with different injection heights for the co-emitted SO2 and ash, analysing the vertical profile of the ultra-fine ash compared to the sulphate aerosol, and explore the effects on the volcanic aerosol cloud in terms of its overall optical depth and vertical profile of extinction.</p> <p>The analysis demonstrates that although fine-ash is more persistent than previous modelling studies suggest, these particles have only modest impacts with the radiative heating effect the dominant pathway, with the sub-micron particles not scavenging sufficiently.  </p> <p>Future work will explore simulations with a further adapted UM-UKCA model with an additional “super-coarse” insoluble mode resolving the super-micron ash, then both components of the fine-ash resolved to test the magnitude of sulfate scavenging effect. </p>

scholarly journals Shipborne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2843-2851
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Antuña-Marrero ◽  
Graham W. Mann ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sergey Avdyushin ◽  
Bruno Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

Abstract. A key limitation of volcanic forcing datasets for the Pinatubo period is the large uncertainty that remains with respect to the extent of the optical depth of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the first year after the eruption, the saturation of the SAGE-II instrument restricting it to only be able to measure the upper part of the aerosol cloud in the tropics. Here we report the recovery of stratospheric aerosol measurements from two shipborne lidars, both of which measured the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol produced by the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. The lidars were on board two Soviet vessels, each ship crossing the Atlantic, their measurement datasets providing unique observational transects of the Pinatubo cloud across the tropics from Europe to the Caribbean (∼ 40 to 8∘ N) from July to September 1991 (the Professor Zubov ship) and from Europe to south of the Equator (∼ 40∘ N to 8∘ S) between January and February 1992 (the Professor Vize ship). Our philosophy with the data recovery is to follow the same algorithms and parameters that appear in the two peer-reviewed articles that presented these datasets in the same issue of GRL in 1993, and here we provide all 48 lidar soundings made from the Professor Zubov and 11 of the 20 conducted from the Professor Vize, ensuring we have reproduced the aerosol backscatter and extinction values in the figures of those two papers. These original approaches used thermodynamic properties from the CIRA-86 standard atmosphere to derive the molecular backscattering, vertically and temporally constant values applied for the aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio, and the correction factor of the aerosol backscatter wavelength dependence. We demonstrate this initial validation of the recovered stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles, providing full details of each dataset in this paper's Supplement S1, the original profiles of backscatter ratio, and the calculated profiles of aerosol backscatter and extinction. We anticipate these datasets will provide potentially important new observational case studies for modelling analyses, including a 1-week series of consecutive soundings (in September 1991) at the same location showing the progression of the entrainment of part of the Pinatubo plume into the upper troposphere and the formation of an associated cirrus cloud. The Zubov lidar dataset illustrates how the tropically confined Pinatubo aerosol cloud transformed from a highly heterogeneous vertical structure in August 1991, maximum aerosol extinction values around 19 km for the lower layer and 23–24 for the upper layer, to a more homogeneous and deeper reservoir of volcanic aerosol in September 1991. We encourage modelling groups to consider new analyses of the Pinatubo cloud, comparing the recovered datasets, with the potential to increase our understanding of the evolution of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud and its effects. Data described in this work are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912770 (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2020).

Comparing simultaneous stratospheric aerosol and ozone lidar measurements with SAGE II data after the Mount Pinatubo Eruption

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Yue ◽  
L. R. Poole ◽  
M. P. McCormick ◽  
R. E. Veiga ◽  
P.-H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption

Multifrequency sounding of stratospheric aerosol after the Mount Pinatubo eruption

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Zuev ◽  
V. D. Burlakov ◽  
B. S. Kostin ◽  
E. V. Makienko ◽  
V. L. Pravdin
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption

Response of Corn Grain Yield to Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emergence

Crop Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Matthijs Tollenaar ◽  
Greg Stewart ◽  
William Deen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield
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