Polar stratospheric clouds during SOLVE/THESEO: Comparison of lidar observations with in situ measurements

2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (D2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

scholarly journals Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) formation at low NAT supersaturation in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs)

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Voigt ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
B. P. Luo ◽  
A. Dörnbrack ◽  
A. Roiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Polar Ozone

Abstract. A PSC was detected on 6 February 2003 in the Arctic stratosphere by in-situ measurements onboard the high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica. Low number densities (~10-4cm-3) of small nitric acid (HNO3) containing particles (d<6µm) were observed at altitudes between 18 and 20km. Provided the temperatures remain below the NAT equilibrium temperature TNAT, these NAT particles have the potential to grow further and to remove HNO3 from the stratosphere, thereby enhancing polar ozone loss. Interestingly, the NAT particles formed in less than a day at temperatures just slightly below TNAT (T>TNAT-3.1K). This unique measurement of PSC formation at extremely low NAT saturation ratios (SNAT≤10) constrains current NAT nucleation theories. We suggest, that the NAT particles have formed heterogeneously, but for certain not on ice. Conversely, meteoritic particles may be favorable candidates for triggering NAT nucleation at the observed low number densities.

In situ measurements of the ClO/HCl ratio: Heterogeneous processing on sulfate aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 2523-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Webster ◽  
R. D. May ◽  
D. W. Trohey ◽  
L. M. Avallone ◽  
J. G. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Heterogeneous Processing ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Aircraft lidar observations of an enhanced type Ia polar stratospheric clouds during APE-POLECAT

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (D19) ◽  
pp. 23961-23969 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsias ◽  
M. Wirth ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
J. Biele ◽  
H. Mehrtens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

scholarly journals Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at the South Pole: 2. Stratospheric perturbed conditions, 1992 and 1993

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D11) ◽  
pp. 12945-12955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cacciani ◽  
Paola Colagrande ◽  
Alcide di Sarra ◽  
Daniele Fuà ◽  
Paolo Di Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

Lidar Observations of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Above Spitsbergen

1997 ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stebel ◽  
R. Neuber ◽  
G. Beyerle ◽  
J. Biele ◽  
P. Scheuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Andøya, Norway, in January 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Schäfer ◽  
P. Scheuch ◽  
M. Langer ◽  
K. H. Fricke ◽  
U. von Zahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden

Tellus B ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Blum ◽  
K. H. Fricke ◽  
K. P. Müller ◽  
J. Siebert ◽  
G. Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

Long-term lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at Esrange in northern Sweden

Tellus B ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. BLUM ◽  
K. H. FRICKE ◽  
K. P. MULLER ◽  
J. SIEBERT ◽  
G. BAUMGARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Lidar Observations

scholarly journals Retrieval of ice-nucleating particle concentrations from lidar observations and comparison with UAV in situ measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 11315-11342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Marinou ◽  
Matthias Tesche ◽  
Athanasios Nenes ◽  
Albert Ansmann ◽  
Jann Schrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Lidar Observations

Abstract. Aerosols that are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are crucial for the formation of cloud ice via heterogeneous nucleation in the atmosphere. The distribution of INPs on a large spatial scale and as a function of height determines their impact on clouds and climate. However, in situ measurements of INPs provide sparse coverage over space and time. A promising approach to address this gap is to retrieve INP concentration profiles by combining particle concentration profiles derived by lidar measurements with INP efficiency parameterizations for different freezing mechanisms (immersion freezing, deposition nucleation). Here, we assess the feasibility of this new method for both ground-based and spaceborne lidar measurements, using in situ observations collected with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and subsequently analyzed with the FRIDGE (FRankfurt Ice nucleation Deposition freezinG Experiment) INP counter from an experimental campaign at Cyprus in April 2016. Analyzing five case studies we calculated the cloud-relevant particle number concentrations using lidar measurements (n250,dry with an uncertainty of 20 % to 40 % and Sdry with an uncertainty of 30 % to 50 %), and we assessed the suitability of the different INP parameterizations with respect to the temperature range and the type of particles considered. Specifically, our analysis suggests that our calculations using the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) (applicable for the temperature range −50 to −33 ∘C) agree within 1 order of magnitude with the in situ observations of nINP; thus, the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) can efficiently address the deposition nucleation pathway in dust-dominated environments. Additionally, our calculations using the combination of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015, 2010) (applicable for the temperature range −35 to −9 ∘C) agree within 2 orders of magnitude with the in situ observations of INP concentrations (nINP) and can thus efficiently address the immersion/condensation pathway of dust and nondust particles. The same conclusion is derived from the compilation of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015) for dust and Ullrich et al. (2017) for soot. Furthermore, we applied this methodology to estimate the INP concentration profiles before and after a cloud formation, indicating the seeding role of the particles and their subsequent impact on cloud formation and characteristics. More synergistic datasets are expected to become available in the future from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) and in the frame of the European ACTRIS-RI (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure). Our analysis shows that the developed techniques, when applied on CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) spaceborne lidar observations, are in agreement with the in situ measurements. This study gives us confidence for the production of global 3-D products of cloud-relevant particle number concentrations (n250,dry, Sdry and nINP) using the CALIPSO 13-year dataset. This could provide valuable insight into the global height-resolved distribution of INP concentrations related to mineral dust, as well as possibly other aerosol types.

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