Changes in the heat and freshwater forcing of the eastern Mediterranean and their influence on deep water formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (C7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Josey
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
Freshwater Forcing ◽  
Water Formation

Climatic forcing of eastern Mediterranean deep-water formation and benthic ecosystems during the past 22 000 years

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 3006-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schmiedl ◽  
Tanja Kuhnt ◽  
Werner Ehrmann ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Yvonne Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

scholarly journals Adriatic deep water formation during the Holocene: Implication for the reoxygenation of the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel R. Fontugne ◽  
Martine Paterne ◽  
Steve E. Calvert ◽  
Anne Murat ◽  
François Guichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Water Formation

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variability of nutrients and oxygen in the North Aegean Sea during the last thirty years

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ε. SOUVERMEZOGLOU ◽  
Ε. KRASAKOPOULOU ◽  
A. PAVLIDOU
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
North Aegean Sea

Inorganic nutrient and dissolved oxygen data collected in the North Aegean Sea during 1986 - 2008 were analyzed in order to evaluate the role of the inflowing Black Sea originated surface water (BSW) in the nutrient regime of the area.  In periods of high buoyancy inflow from Dardanelles strait, a reduction of inorganic nutrients in the surface layer is observed along the north-west route of the BSW; in parallel, the underlying layer of Levantine intermediate water revealed an increase of inorganic nutrients, receiving the degradation material from the surface layer. The above spatial patterns suggest a contribution of the BSW to the observed enhanced production of the North Aegean Sea. Anomalously low buoyancy inflow of BSW combined with severe winter meteorological conditions promote deep water formation events. The physical and chemical characteristics of the deep waters found in the different basins of the North Aegean Sea in 1997 (following the deep water formation in winters of 1992-1993) differed from those observed after the formation in winter 1987. These differences were probably related to the drastic changes occurred in the deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean in the early 1990, by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. Considering that deep water formation processes provide occasionally inorganic nutrients to the euphotic layer, it seems that BSW through its uninterrupted supply of small quantities of nutrients should play an additional role in the production in the North Aegean Sea.

scholarly journals Levantine Intermediate and Levantine Deep Water Formation: An Argo Float Study from 2001 to 2017

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kubin ◽  
Pierre-Marie Poulain ◽  
Elena Mauri ◽  
Milena Menna ◽  
Giulio Notarstefano
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
Argo Float ◽  
Levantine Sea ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
The Mediterranean

Levantine intermediate water (LIW) is formed in the Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) and spreads throughout the Mediterranean at intermediate depths, following the general circulation. The LIW, characterized by high salinity and relatively high temperatures, is one of the main contributors of the Mediterranean Overturning Circulation and influences the mechanisms of deep water formation in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean sub-basins. In this study, the LIW and Levantine deep water (LDW) formation processes are investigated using Argo float data from 2001 to 2017 in the Northwestern Levantine Sea (NWLS), the larger area around Rhodes Gyre (RG). To find pronounced events of LIW and LDW formation, more than 800 Argo profiles were analyzed visually. Events of LIW and LDW formation captured by the Argo float data are compared to buoyancy, heat and freshwater fluxes, sea surface height (SSH), and sea surface temperature (SST). All pronounced events (with a mixed layer depth (MLD) deeper than 250 m) of dense water formation were characterized by low surface temperatures and strongly negative SSH. The formation of intermediate water with typical LIW characteristics (potential temperature > 15 °C, salinity > 39 psu) occurred mainly along the Northern coastline, while LDW formation (13.7 °C < potential temperature < 14.5 °C, 38.8 psu < salinity < 38.9 psu) occurred during strong convection events within temporary and strongly depressed mesoscale eddies in the center of RG. This study reveals and confirms the important contribution of boundary currents in ventilating the interior ocean and therefore underlines the need to rethink the drivers and contributors of the thermohaline circulation of the Mediterranean Sea.

Deep‐Water Formation in the North Pacific During the Late Miocene Global Cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Zhai ◽  
Shiming Wan ◽  
Christophe Colin ◽  
Debo Zhao ◽  
Yuntao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Arctic–North Atlantic Interactions and Multidecadal Variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 4013-4031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann H. Jungclaus ◽  
Helmuth Haak ◽  
Mojib Latif ◽  
Uwe Mikolajewicz
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deep Water Formation ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
Multidecadal Variability ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Meridional Overturning

Abstract Analyses of a 500-yr control integration with the non-flux-adjusted coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean model ECHAM5/Max-Planck-Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) show pronounced multidecadal fluctuations of the Atlantic overturning circulation and the associated meridional heat transport. The period of the oscillations is about 70–80 yr. The low-frequency variability of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) contributes substantially to sea surface temperature and sea ice fluctuations in the North Atlantic. The strength of the overturning circulation is related to the convective activity in the deep-water formation regions, most notably the Labrador Sea, and the time-varying control on the freshwater export from the Arctic to the convection sites modulates the overturning circulation. The variability is sustained by an interplay between the storage and release of freshwater from the central Arctic and circulation changes in the Nordic Seas that are caused by variations in the Atlantic heat and salt transport. The relatively high resolution in the deep-water formation region and the Arctic Ocean suggests that a better representation of convective and frontal processes not only leads to an improvement in the mean state but also introduces new mechanisms determining multidecadal variability in large-scale ocean circulation.

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