scholarly journals Modeling the electron and proton radiation belts of Saturn

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Santos‐Costa ◽  
M. Blanc ◽  
S. Maurice ◽  
S. J. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Proton Radiation

scholarly journals Observations of γ-ray Bursts and Solar Flares with Granat

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
O. Terekhov ◽  
R.A. Sunyaev ◽  
D. Denisenko ◽  
A. Tkachenko ◽  
C. Barat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flares ◽  
Background Level ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Γ Ray

The Granat observatory was launched into a high apogee orbit on 1989 December 1 by a PROTON launcher. The initial Granat orbit had an apogee close to 200000 km and a perigee of 2000 km with an orbital period of 4 days. The satellite is entering the radiation belts for a few hours every orbit. Due to orbital evolution the perigee increased and the apogee decreased with time. After about 1.5 years of operation the perigee increased up to 20000 km. This has put the satellite completely outside of the proton radiation belts which makes the detector activation during the perigee passage negligible. Moreover, the satellite orbit is outside of the magnetosphere during the most parts of the mission. This makes such an orbit very attractive for high energy astrophysics missions which require low background level in order to achieve high sensitivity, and makes it essential for the investigation of the high energy transient phenomena such as cosmic γ-ray bursts and solar flares.

Processes forming and sustaining Saturn’s proton radiation belts

Icarus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kollmann ◽  
E. Roussos ◽  
C. Paranicas ◽  
N. Krupp ◽  
D.K. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Proton Radiation

scholarly journals A Physical Model of the Proton Radiation Belts of Jupiter inside Europa's Orbit

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 3512-3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Nénon ◽  
A. Sicard ◽  
P. Kollmann ◽  
H. B. Garrett ◽  
S. P. A. Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Proton Radiation

Relaxation of electron and proton radiation belts of the earth after strong magnetic storms

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Lazutin ◽  
Yu. I. Logachev ◽  
E. A. Muravieva ◽  
V. L. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
The Earth

Low-energy proton radiation belts

1966 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mihalov ◽  
R. Stephen White
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Energy Proton

Evidence for local acceleration of heavy >10 MeV/n oxygen and sulphur in Jupiter's innermost radiation belts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Roussos ◽  
Christina Cohen ◽  
Peter Kollmann ◽  
Marco Pinto ◽  
Patricia Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Ion Species ◽  
Intense Radiation

<p>Jupiter's radiation belts constitute a multi-component system, trapping high intensities of electrons, protons and heavier ions. We revisit measurements from Galileo's Heavy Ion Counter (HIC) instrument, a high-quality dataset that extends considerably the energy range covered by Galileo/EPD and Juno/JEDI (<10 MeV/n) up to ~100 MeV/n, providing key complementary observations for those two instruments in the equatorial radiation belts. Thanks to HIC's large geometry factor and event-based measurement capabilities, the instrument clearly resolves trace ions of both heliospheric and magnetospheric origin, such as Carbon, Nitrogen, Sodium, Magnesium, Iron and others, besides the much more abundant Oxygen and Sulfur. In this work we re-evaluate aspects of HIC's calibration, particularly for the analysis of measurements obtained at the innermost, intense radiation belts of Jupiter, which are currently monitored by Juno. We concentrate on previously unpublished observations from Galileo's last two orbits, reaching inward of Amalthea's orbit, including a close flyby of this moon. We show that the structure and composition of the heavy ion belts depends strongly on energy, L-shell and pitch angle. We find that above 50 MeV/n, Jupiter's heavy ion radiation belts are dominated by oxygen, appearing stable and are highly structured by strong losses at the orbits of Io, Thebe and Amalthea, a structure reminiscent of that observed in Saturn's proton radiation belts. In addition, heavy ion spectra and the corresponding phase space density profiles indicate that a local source of energy exists at least inward of Amalthea, accelerating oxygen above 100 MeV/n and sulphur above ˜50 MeV/n. Between the orbits of Io and Amalthea, PSD profiles indicate contributions from local and adiabatic acceleration for both ion species, with the former dominating at the highest energies resolved in that region (˜50 MeV/n). In conclusion, unlike Earth's radiation belts, where the highest energy protons or ions observed reach the terrestrial magnetosphere pre-accelerated to the MeV range in the form of solar, anomalous or galactic cosmic rays, Jupiter can efficiently accelerate oxygen and sulphur, which originate at at eV energies at Io and its torus, by 7-8 decades in energy.</p>

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