scholarly journals Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Robert Gurney ◽  
Rachel M. Law ◽  
A. Scott Denning ◽  
Peter J. Rayner ◽  
Bernard C. Pak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks

Integration analysis of the carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
赵宁，周蕾，庄杰，王永琳，周稳，陈集景，宋珺，丁键浠，迟永刚 ZHAO Ning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Integration Analysis

Global carbon sources and sinks: 2007 update

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 082001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pep Canadell ◽  
C Lequre ◽  
M Raupach ◽  
P Ciais ◽  
T Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Global Carbon

The Carbon Effects of the Urban Ecological Recreational System Based on Systems Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Helong Tong ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Management Ability ◽  
Systems Simulation

Abstract As a major component of urban ecological systems, the urban ecological space is an important carbon pool in the urban carbon circulation. Meanwhile, its special recreational function adds to the complexity of its carbon effects. According to the carbon process and effects of the urban ecological recreational system, the Source-Leakage-Sink-Order (SLSO) framework is proposed as the basis of the four subsystems of the system model. Consisting of 63 parameters, the system dynamics model of urban ecological recreational system is constructed by using VENSIM PLE. Then the urban ecological recreational system in Shanghai under different scenarios is simulated, and the carbon sources and sinks of the system as well as the process of carbon effects such as carbon footprints are analyzed and predicted. Research shows that due to the imbalance of the spatial pattern of ecological recreational space, the carbon sink effects of the system are quite limited. The human carbon source is the main contributor of the system’s carbon sources and the carbon footprint deficit is striking. The management ability of ecological recreational space influences the carbon sink potentials of the system. In addition, the maintenance mode of ecological green space plays a non-trivial role in the composition of carbon sources.

scholarly journals Trends and regional distributions of land and ocean carbon sinks

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sarmiento ◽  
M. Gloor ◽  
N. Gruber ◽  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
A. R. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Sign Convention ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ocean Carbon

Abstract. We show here an updated estimate of the net land carbon sink (NLS) as a function of time from 1960 to 2007 calculated from the difference between fossil fuel emissions, the observed atmospheric growth rate, and the ocean uptake obtained by recent ocean model simulations forced with reanalysis wind stress and heat and water fluxes. Except for interannual variability, the net land carbon sink appears to have been relatively constant at a mean value of −0.27 Pg C yr−1 between 1960 and 1988, at which time it increased abruptly by −0.88 (−0.77 to −1.04) Pg C yr−1 to a new relatively constant mean of −1.15 Pg C yr−1 between 1989 and 2003/7 (the sign convention is negative out of the atmosphere). This result is detectable at the 99% level using a t-test. The land use source (LU) is relatively constant over this entire time interval. While the LU estimate is highly uncertain, this does imply that most of the change in the net land carbon sink must be due to an abrupt increase in the land sink, LS = NLS – LU, in response to some as yet unknown combination of biogeochemical and climate forcing. A regional synthesis and assessment of the land carbon sources and sinks over the post 1988/1989 period reveals broad agreement that the Northern Hemisphere land is a major sink of atmospheric CO2, but there remain major discrepancies with regard to the sign and magnitude of the net flux to and from tropical land.

scholarly journals Sources and sinks of carbon in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: A review

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽  
Jeffrey R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost

Abstract Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence (or absence) of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle we developed this review paper by incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. Our objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We surveyed estimates of aboveground and belowground carbon stocks for interior Alaska boreal ecosystems and summarized methane and carbon dioxide fluxes. These data have been converted into similar units to facilitate comparison across ecosystem compartments. We identify potential changes in the carbon cycle with climate change and human disturbance. A novel research question is how compounding disturbances affect carbon sources and sinks associated with boreal ecosystem processes. Finally, we provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.

scholarly journals The Impact of Improved Aerosol Priors on Near-Infrared Measurements of Carbon Dioxide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Nelson ◽  
Christopher W. O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) was launched in 2014 with the goal of measuring the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) with sufficient precision and accuracy to infer regional carbon sources and sinks. One of the primary sources of error in near-infrared measurements of XCO2 is the scattering effects of cloud and aerosol layers. In this work, we study the impact of ingesting intelligent aerosol priors from the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) into the OCO-2 ACOS V8 retrieval algorithm with the objective of reducing the error in XCO2 from real measurements. Multiple levels of both aerosol setup complexity and uncertainty on the aerosol priors were tested, ranging from a mostly unconstrained aerosol optical depth (AOD) setup to ingesting full aerosol profiles with high confidence. We find that using co-located GEOS-5 aerosol types and AODs with low uncertainty results in a small improvement in the retrieved XCO2 against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network relative to V8. In contrast, attempting to use modeled vertical information in the aerosol prior to improve the XCO2 retrieval generally gives poor results, as aerosol models struggle with the vertical placement of aerosol layers. To assess regional differences in XCO2, we compare our results to a global CO2 model validation suite. We find that the GEOS-5 setup performs better than V8 over Northern Africa and Central Asia, with the standard deviation of the XCO2 error reduced from 2.12 ppm to 1.83 ppm, due to a combination of smaller prior AODs and lower prior uncertainty. In general, the use of more intelligent aerosol priors shows promise but is currently restricted by the accuracy of aerosol models.

scholarly journals Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Ralph F. Keeling ◽  
Heather D. Graven
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Regular Time

The past century has been a time of unparalleled changes in global climate and global biogeochemistry. At the forefront of the study of these changes are regular time-series observations at remote stations of atmospheric CO2, isotopes of CO2, and related species, such as O2 and carbonyl sulfide (COS). These records now span many decades and contain a wide spectrum of signals, from seasonal cycles to long-term trends. These signals are variously related to carbon sources and sinks, rates of photosynthesis and respiration of both land and oceanic ecosystems, and rates of air-sea exchange, providing unique insights into natural biogeochemical cycles and their ongoing changes. This review provides a broad overview of these records, focusing on what they have taught us about large-scale global biogeochemical change.

scholarly journals Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Christopher A. Hiemstra ◽  
Miriam C. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey R. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
In Fire

Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.

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