scholarly journals A change of microwave radiation from the ocean surface induced by air-sea temperature difference

Radio Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Sea Temperature

scholarly journals Air temperature profile and air/sea temperature difference measurements by infrared and microwave scanning radiometers

Radio Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cimini ◽  
J. A. Shaw ◽  
E. R. Westwater ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
V. Irisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Sea Temperature

scholarly journals Rearch on Electromagnetic Scattering from ocean covered by foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 03082
Author(s):  
GAO Qian ◽  
YUE Hongwei ◽  
WANG Zhenxin ◽  
JI Yajun ◽  
LI Ximin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Mie Theory ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Back Scattering

Back scattering of ocean surface is investigated by considering the foams coverage on its surface. Firstly, by adopting modified two-scale mode and the vector radiative transfer theory, zero and first order scattering coefficients are obtained by solving VRT equations. Then, MIE theory is used to get the scattering from foams, and fraction of foams coverage is analyzed by changing parameters of wind speed and temperature difference of ocean-air. Finally, the modified two-scale model and algorithms are verified by comparing its results with measured results, and simulations of calculating back scattering from ocean surface with and without foams are carried out. The conclusion is obtained that wind speed has different influence on back scattering under different incident angles.

scholarly journals Estimating the Refractive Index Structure Parameter () over the Ocean Using Bulk Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Frederickson ◽  
Kenneth L. Davidson ◽  
Carl R. Zeisse ◽  
Charles S. Bendall
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Index Structure ◽  
Structure Parameter ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Refractive Index Structure Parameter

Abstract Infrared scintillation measurements were obtained along a 7-km path over San Diego Bay concurrently with meteorological measurements obtained from a buoy at the midpoint of the path. Bulk estimates of the refractive index structure parameter were computed from the buoy data and compared with scintillation-derived values. The bulk estimates agreed well with the scintillation measurements in unstable conditions. In stable conditions the bulk estimates became increasingly higher than the scintillation values as the air–sea temperature difference increased. This disagreement may be due to enhanced wave-induced mixing of the lower atmosphere that decreases the vertical temperature and humidity gradients in stable conditions from the assumed Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory forms, resulting in bulk values that are too high. The bulk estimates decrease rapidly when the absolute air–sea temperature difference approaches small positive values. These predicted decreases in were not observed in either the path-averaged scintillation measurements or in single-point turbulence measurements, indicating that bulk models for estimating scalar structure parameters based on mean air–sea scalar differences are not valid when the mean air–sea difference approaches zero. The authors believe that the most promising means toward improving the bulk model is to obtain a better understanding of the MOS functions over the ocean for a wide stability range, and particularly of the role of ocean waves in modifying near-surface vertical gradients and turbulence characteristics.

scholarly journals On Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Plastic Pollution in Natural Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy ◽  
Benjamin Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Surface Fraction

Plastic pollution in the world’s natural waters is of growing concern and currently receiving significant attention. However, remote sensing of marine plastic litter is still in the developmental stage. Most progress has been made in spectral remote sensing using visible to short-wave infrared wavelengths where optical physics applies. Thermal infrared (TIR) sensing could potentially monitor plastic water pollution but has not been studied in detail. We applied radiative transfer theory to predict TIR sensitivity to changes in the surface fraction of water covered by plastic litter and found that the temperature difference between the water surface and the surroundings controls the TIR signal. Hence, we mapped this difference for various months and times of the day using global SST (sea surface temperature) and t2m (temperature at 2 m height) hourly estimates from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), ERA5. The maps show how SST-t2m difference varied, altering the anticipated effectivity of TIR floating plastic litter remote sensing. We selected several locations of interest to predict the effectivity of TIR sensing of the plastic surface fraction. TIR remote sensing has promising potential and is expected to be more effective in areas with a high air–sea temperature difference.

Characteristics of easterly-induced snowfall in Yeongdong and its relationship to air-sea temperature difference

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Gu Nam ◽  
Byung-Gon Kim ◽  
Sang-Ok Han ◽  
Chulkyu Lee ◽  
Seoung-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Sea Temperature

Scanning infrared radiometer for measuring the air–sea temperature difference

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (27) ◽  
pp. 4807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Shaw ◽  
Domenico Cimini ◽  
Ed R. Westwater ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
Heather M. Zorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Infrared Radiometer
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