Inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) experiment: Chemical characteristics, physical properties, and emission data for smoke from African biomass burning

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D13) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Formenti ◽  
W. Elbert ◽  
W. Maenhaut ◽  
J. Haywood ◽  
S. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Regional Science ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Science Initiative

scholarly journals Modeling the solar radiative impact of aerosols from biomass burning during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI-2000) experiment

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D13) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Myhre ◽  
Terje K. Berntsen ◽  
James M. Haywood ◽  
Jostein K. Sundet ◽  
Brent N. Holben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Regional Science ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Science Initiative

scholarly journals Climate effects of seasonally varying Biomass Burning emitted Carbonaceous Aerosols (BBCA)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 8373-8389 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-R. Jeong ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Source Sink

Abstract. The climate impact of the seasonality of Biomass Burning emitted Carbonaceous Aerosols (BBCA) is studied using an aerosol-climate model coupled with a slab ocean model in a set of 60-year long simulations, driven by BBCA emission data with and without seasonal variation, respectively. The model run with seasonally varying emission of BBCA leads to an increase in the external mixture of carbonaceous aerosols as well as in the internal mixture of organic carbon and sulfate but a decrease in the internal mixture of black carbon and sulfate relative to those in the run with constant annual BBCA emissions, as a result of different strengths of source/sink processes. The differences in atmospheric direct radiative forcing (DRF) caused by BBCA seasonality are in phase with the differences in column concentrations of the external mixture of carbonaceous aerosols in space and time. In contrast, the differences in all-sky radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere and at the earth's surface extend beyond the BBCA source regions due to climate feedback through cloud distribution and precipitation. The seasonality of biomass burning emissions uniquely affects the global distributions of convective clouds and precipitation, indicating that these emissions have an impact on atmospheric circulation. In addition, the climate response to the periodic climate forcing of BBCA is not limited to biomass burning seasons but dynamically extends into non-biomass burning seasons as well.

scholarly journals 7-Alkoxy-appended coumarin derivatives: synthesis, photo-physical properties, aggregation behaviours and current–voltage (I–V) characteristic studies on thin films

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 10212-10223
Author(s):  
Abhijit Rudra Paul ◽  
Bapi Dey ◽  
Sudip Suklabaidya ◽  
Syed Arshad Hussain ◽  
Swapan Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Electrical Switching ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Current Voltage

In this article, we demonstrate the design, synthesis and physico-chemical characteristics, including electrical switching behaviours of long alkoxy-appended coumarin carboxylate/carboxylic acid in thin films.

scholarly journals Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Jean-Eudes Petit ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Francois Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air quality and climate change. However, highly-time resolved year-round characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength aethalometer from November 2011 to March 2018 at a background site of the Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18–33 %) due to enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric formation pathways. A pronounced increase of LO-OOA concentrations and contributions (50–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic gaseous precursors. Conversely high concentrations and OA contributions (32–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during pollution episodes in fall and winter, and of SOA for highest springtime and summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a decreasing feature (of about 200 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon components), and no trend for LO-OOA over the 6+-year investigated period.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants from biomass burning and combustion of fossil fuels and health effects in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1678-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Eliane Ignotti ◽  
Sandra S. Hacon
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of this study was to carry out a review of scientific literature published in Brazil between 2000 and 2009 on the characteristics of air pollutants from different emission sources, especially particulate matter (PM) and its effects on respiratory health. Using electronic databases, a systematic literature review was performed of all research related to air pollutant emissions. Publications were analyzed to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants from different emission sources and their related effects on the respiratory system. The PM2.5 is composed predominantly of organic compounds with 20% of inorganic elements. Higher concentrations of metals were detected in metropolitan areas than in biomass burning regions. The relative risk of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in children was higher than in the elderly population. The results of studies of health effects of air pollution are specific to the region where the emissions occurred and should not be used to depict the situation in other areas with different emission sources.

scholarly journals Fossil and non-fossil source contributions to atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during extreme spring grassland fires in Eastern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 5513-5529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Ulevicius ◽  
Steigvilė Byčenkienė ◽  
Carlo Bozzetti ◽  
Athanasia Vlachou ◽  
Kristina Plauškaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In early spring the Baltic region is frequently affected by high-pollution events due to biomass burning in that area. Here we present a comprehensive study to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning (BB) on the evolution and composition of aerosol in Preila, Lithuania, during springtime open fires. Non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) was measured by an Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a source apportionment with the multilinear engine (ME-2) running the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the organic aerosol fraction to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning. Satellite observations over regions of biomass burning activity supported the results and identification of air mass transport to the area of investigation. Sharp increases in biomass burning tracers, such as levoglucosan up to 683 ng m−3 and black carbon (BC) up to 17 µg m−3 were observed during this period. A further separation between fossil and non-fossil primary and secondary contributions was obtained by coupling ACSM PMF results and radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon fractions. Non-fossil organic carbon (OCnf) was the dominant fraction of PM1, with the primary (POCnf) and secondary (SOCnf) fractions contributing 26–44 % and 13–23 % to the total carbon (TC), respectively. 5–8 % of the TC had a primary fossil origin (POCf), whereas the contribution of fossil secondary organic carbon (SOCf) was 4–13 %. Non-fossil EC (ECnf) and fossil EC (ECf) ranged from 13–24 and 7–13 %, respectively. Isotope ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to distinguish aerosol particles associated with solid and liquid fossil fuel burning.

scholarly journals Sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: primary emissions and secondary formation constrained by radiocarbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ni ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
Ulrike Dusek
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion

<p>To investigate the sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosols, a major contributor to severe particulate air pollution, radiocarbon (<span><sup>14</sup>C</span>) measurements were conducted on aerosols sampled from November 2015 to November 2016 in Xi'an, China. Based on the <span><sup>14</sup>C</span> content in elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and water-insoluble OC (WIOC), contributions of major sources to carbonaceous aerosols are estimated over a whole seasonal cycle: primary and secondary fossil sources, primary biomass burning, and other non-fossil carbon formed mainly from secondary processes. Primary fossil sources of EC were further sub-divided into coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion by complementing <span><sup>14</sup>C</span> data with stable carbon isotopic signatures.</p><p>The dominant EC source was liquid fossil fuel combustion (i.e., vehicle emissions), accounting for 64 % (median; 45 %–74 %, interquartile range) of EC in autumn, 60 % (41 %–72 %) in summer, 53 % (33 %–69 %) in spring and 46 % (29 %–59 %) in winter. An increased contribution from biomass burning to EC was observed in winter (<span>∼28</span> %) compared to other seasons (warm period; <span>∼15</span> %). In winter, coal combustion (<span>∼25</span> %) and biomass burning equally contributed to EC, whereas in the warm period, coal combustion accounted for a larger fraction of EC than biomass burning. The relative contribution of fossil sources to OC was consistently lower than that to EC, with an annual average of <span>47±4</span> %. Non-fossil OC of secondary origin was an important contributor to total OC (<span>35±4</span> %) and accounted for more than half of non-fossil OC (<span>67±6</span> %) throughout the year. Secondary fossil OC (SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>) concentrations were higher than primary fossil OC (POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>) concentrations in winter but lower than POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> in the warm period.</p><p>Fossil WIOC and water-soluble OC (WSOC) have been widely used as proxies for POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span>, respectively. This assumption was evaluated by (1) comparing their mass concentrations with POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and (2) comparing ratios of fossil WIOC to fossil EC to typical primary OC-to-EC ratios from fossil sources including both coal combustion and vehicle emissions. The results suggest that fossil WIOC and fossil WSOC are probably a better approximation for primary and secondary fossil OC, respectively, than POC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> and SOC<span><sub>fossil</sub></span> estimated using the EC tracer method.</p>

Investigation of atmospheric aerosols over semi-urban and urban areas in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain: seasonal variability and source apportionment using PMF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanishtha Dubey ◽  
Shubha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brick Kilns

<p>The study investigates the chemical composition and source of aerosol origin at a semi-urban (Kharagpur–Kgp) and urban (Kolkata–Kol) region during the period February 2015 to January 2016 and September 2010 to August 2011 respectively. Major water-soluble inorganic aerosols (WSII) were determined using Ion chromatography and carbonaceous aerosols (CA) using OC–EC analyser. A multivariate factor analysis Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used in resolving source of aerosols at the study locations. Seasonal analysis of WSII at Kgp and Kol indicated relative dominance of calcium at both the places followed by sodium, chloride, and magnesium ions. Non-sea salt potassium (nss–K<sup>+</sup>), a biomass burning tracer was found higher at Kol than at Kgp. Sum of secondary aerosols sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) was higher at Kol than Kgp with relative concentration of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> being higher than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> at Kgp which was vice-versa at Kol. Examination of carbonaceous aerosols showed three times higher concentration of organic carbon (OC) than elemental carbon (EC) with monthly mean of OC/EC ratio > 2, indicating likely formation of secondary organic carbon formation. Seasonal influence of biomass burning inferred from nss–K<sup>+</sup> (OC/EC) ratio relationship indicated dissimilarity in seasonality of biomass burning at Kgp (Kol). PMF resolved sources for Kgp constituted of secondary aerosol emissions, biomass burning, fugitive dust, marine aerosols, crustal dust and emissions from brick kilns while for Kol factors constituted of burning of waste, resuspended paved road dust, coal combustion, sea spray aerosols, vehicular emissions and biomass burning.</p>

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