scholarly journals The effect of the July 14, 2000 “Bastille Day” solar flare event on >70 MeV galactic cosmic rays observed at V1 and V2 in the distant heliosphere

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-1-15-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Webber ◽  
F. B. McDonald ◽  
J. A. Lockwood ◽  
B. Heikkila
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Flare Event

The chemical composition of energetic charged particles in interplanetary space

1980 ◽  
Vol 297 (1433) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Particle Population

The particle population in the heliosphere is briefly reviewed. Next the chemical composition of the charged fraction is reviewed by discussing three classes. The galactic cosmic rays and high energy solar flare particles above 100 MeV/nucleon are mentioned. The anomalous component in the range 1-100 MeV/nucleon, prompt solar flare particles, energetic storm particles and corotating events are discussed. The anomalous variations in isotopic ( 3 He) and chemical composition (iron-rich events) at energies below 10 MeV are reviewed. A discussion on the ionic charge state of these particles concludes this overview.

scholarly journals Variations in Radiocarbon Production in the Earth's Atmosphere

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge A Korff ◽  
Rosalind B Mendell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Particle Events

We have investigated solar phenomena associated with unusual changes in the production rates of 14C in the atmosphere. 14C is produced in interactions of cosmic ray neutrons with nitrogen in the atmosphere. Intensity of the neutrons varies globally and fluctuates with time as a result of interactions of galactic cosmic rays which generate neutrons with plasma and magnetic fields of the solar wind. We estimate the total mean production rate of 14C for solar cycle 20, specifically 1965 to 1975, to be 2.25 ± 0.1 nuclei-cm−2sec−1 from galactic cosmic rays alone, with negligible integrated contribution from solar particle events. Annual averages of Rz, the Zurich sunspot number, and the production rate of 14C, n(14C), were related by n(14C) = 2.60–5.53 × 10–3 Rz ± 3 percent. The contribution of solar flare particles and the zero sunspot limit are discussed with relation to major fluctuations that appear in the radiocarbon versus dendrochronology over short (∼100 years) integration times.

Galactic Cosmic Rays and the Evolution of Light Elements

1998 ◽  
Vol 499 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lemoine ◽  
Elisabeth Vangioni‐Flam ◽  
Michel Casse
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Elements

scholarly journals On particle acceleration and transport in plasmas in the Galaxy: theory and observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Amato ◽  
Sabrina Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Acceleration ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Assembly

Accelerated particles are ubiquitous in the Cosmos and play a fundamental role in many processes governing the evolution of the Universe at all scales, from the sub-AU scale relevant for the formation and evolution of stars and planets to the Mpc scale involved in Galaxy assembly. We reveal the presence of energetic particles in many classes of astrophysical sources thanks to their production of non-thermal radiation, and we detect them directly at the Earth as cosmic rays. In the last two decades both direct and indirect observations have provided us a wealth of new, high-quality data about cosmic rays and their interactions both in sources and during propagation, in the Galaxy and in the Solar System. Some of the new data have confirmed existing theories about particle acceleration and propagation and their interplay with the environment in which they occur. Some others have brought about interesting surprises, whose interpretation is not straightforward within the standard framework and may require a change of paradigm in terms of our ideas about the origin of cosmic rays of different species or in different energy ranges. In this article, we focus on cosmic rays of galactic origin, namely with energies below a few petaelectronvolts, where a steepening is observed in the spectrum of energetic particles detected at the Earth. We review the recent observational findings and the current status of the theory about the origin and propagation of galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 314 (5798) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amenomori ◽  
S. Ayabe ◽  
X. J. Bi ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
S. W. Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays
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