Smoke aerosol from biomass burning in Mexico: Hygroscopic smoke optical model

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D5) ◽  
pp. 4831-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Kreidenweis ◽  
Lorraine A. Remer ◽  
Roelof Bruintjes ◽  
Oleg Dubovik
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Smoke Aerosol

scholarly journals Biomass burning smoke aerosol properties measured during Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME)

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (D18) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. T. Levin ◽  
G. R. McMeeking ◽  
C. M. Carrico ◽  
L. E. Mack ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Fire Laboratory ◽  
Aerosol Properties

scholarly journals Global top-down smoke aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 27327-27386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ichoku ◽  
L. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Abstract. Biomass burning occurs seasonally in most vegetated parts of the world, consuming large amounts of biomass fuel, generating intense heat energy, and emitting corresponding amounts of smoke plumes that comprise different species of aerosols and trace gases. Accurate estimates of these emissions are required as model inputs to evaluate and forecast smoke plume transport and impacts on air quality, human health, clouds, weather, radiation, and climate. Emissions estimates have long been based on bottom-up approaches that are not only complex, but also fraught with compounding uncertainties. Fortunately, a series of recent studies have revealed that both the rate of biomass consumption and the rate of emission of aerosol particulate matter (PM) by open biomass burning are directly proportional to the rate of release of fire radiative energy (FRE), which is fire radiative power (FRP) that is measurable from satellite. This direct relationship enables the determination of coefficients of emission (Ce), which can be used to convert FRP or FRE to smoke aerosol emissions in the same manner as emission factors (EFs) are used to convert burned biomass to emissions. We have leveraged this relationship to generate the first global 1° × 1° gridded Ce product for smoke aerosol or total particulate matter (TPM) emissions using coincident measurements of FRP and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. This new Fire Energetics and Emissions Research version 1.0 (FEER.v1) Ce product has now been released to the community and can be obtained from http://feer.gsfc.nasa.gov/, along with the corresponding 1-to-1 mapping of their quality assurance (QA) flags that will enable the Ce values to be filtered by quality for use in various applications. The regional averages of Ce values for different ecosystem types were found to be in the ranges of: 16–21 g MJ−1 for savanna and grasslands, 15–32 g MJ−1 for tropical forest, 9–12 g MJ−1 for North American boreal forest, about ~24 g MJ−1 for Russian boreal forest, and 18–26 g MJ−1 for Russian croplands and natural vegetation. The FEER.v1 Ce product was multiplied with FRP data to generate smoke TPM emissions, which were compared with equivalent emissions products from three existing inventories. The smoke TPM emissions results from FEER.v1 showed higher and more reasonable estimates than those of two other emissions inventories that are based on bottom up approaches and already reported in the literature to be too low, but portrayed an overall reasonable agreement with those of another inventory based on a hybrid method that includes the top-down approach, thereby suggesting that top-down approaches may hold better promise and need to be further developed to accelerate the reduction of uncertainty associated with fire emissions estimation in air-quality and climate research and applications. Based on analysis of data covering the period of 2004–2011, FEER.v1 results show that ~65–85 Tg yr−1 of TPM is emitted globally from open biomass burning, with a generally decreasing trend over this short time period. The FEER.v1 Ce product is the first global gridded product in the family of "emission factors", that is based essentially on satellite measurements, and requires only direct satellite FRP measurements of an actively burning fire anywhere to evaluate its emission rate in near real time, which is essential for operational activities, such as the monitoring and forecasting of smoke emission impacts on air quality.

scholarly journals Dilution impacts on smoke aging: Evidence in BBOP data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Hodshire ◽  
Emily Ramnarine ◽  
Ali Akherati ◽  
Matthew L. Alvarado ◽  
Delphine K. Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Measurable Quantity ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
Climate And Health ◽  
Aerosol Aging

Abstract. Biomass burning emits vapors and aerosols into the atmosphere that can rapidly evolve as smoke plumes travel downwind and dilute, affecting climate- and health-relevant properties of the smoke. To date, theory has been unable to explain variability in smoke evolution. Here, we use observational data from the BBOP field campaign and show that initial smoke concentrations can help predict changes in smoke aerosol aging markers, number, and diameter. Because initial field measurements of plumes are generally > 10 minutes downwind, smaller plumes will have already undergone substantial dilution relative to larger plumes. However, the extent to which dilution has occurred prior to the first observation is not a measurable quantity. Hence, initial observed concentrations can serve as an indicator of dilution, which impacts photochemistry and aerosol evaporation. Cores of plumes have higher concentrations than edges. By segregating the observed plumes into cores and edges, we infer that particle aging, evaporation, and coagulation occurred before the first measurement, and we find that edges generally undergo higher increases in oxidation tracers, more decreases in semivolatile compounds, and less coagulation than the cores.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on weather forecasts from a biomass burning aerosol event over the Midwestern US: Observational-based analysis of surface temperature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglong Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey S. Reid ◽  
Matthew Christensen ◽  
Angela Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Cooling Efficiency ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Daily Changes

Abstract. A major continental scale biomass burning smoke event from June 28–30, 2015, spanning central Canada through the eastern seaboard of the United States, resulted in un-forecasted drops in daytime high surface temperatures on the order of 2–5 °C in the Upper Mid-West. This event, with strong smoke gradients and largely cloud free conditions, provides a natural laboratory to study how aerosol radiative effects may influence numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast outcomes. Here, we describe the nature of this smoke event and evaluate the differences in observed near surface air temperatures between Bismarck (clear) and Grand Forks (overcast smoke), to evaluate to what degree solar radiation forcing from a smoke plume introduces daytime surface cooling, and how this affects model bias in forecasts and analyses. For this event, mid-visible (550 nm) smoke aerosol optical thickness (AOT, τ) reached values above five. A direct surface cooling efficiency of −1.5 °C per unit AOT (at 550 nm, τ550) was found. A further analysis of European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) near surface air temperature forecasts for up to 52 hours as a function of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target AOT data across more than 400 surface stations, also indicated the presence of the daytime aerosol direct cooling effect, but suggested a smaller aerosol direct surface cooling efficiency with magnitude on the order of −0.25 °C to −1.0 °C per unit τ550. In addition, using observations from the surface stations, uncertainties in near surface air temperatures from ECMWF, NCEP and UKMO model runs are estimated. This study further suggests that significant daily changes in τ550 above 1, at which the smoke aerosol induced direct surface cooling effect could be comparable in magnitude with model uncertainties, are rare events on a global scale. Thus, incorporating a more realistic smoke aerosol field into numerical models is currently less likely to significantly improve the accuracy of near surface air temperature forecasts. However, regions such as East China, East Russian, India and portions of the Saharan and Taklamakan deserts, where significant daily changes in AOTs are more frequent, are likely to benefit from including an accurate aerosol analysis into numerical weather forecasts.

Smoke aerosol chemistry and aging of Siberian biomass burning emissions in a large aerosol chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-C. Kalogridis ◽  
O.B. Popovicheva ◽  
G. Engling ◽  
E. Diapouli ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Aerosol Chemistry ◽  
Smoke Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Chamber

MICROSCOPIC CALCULATION OF THE OPTICAL-MODEL POTENTIAL

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-7-C5-7
Author(s):  
J. P. JEUKENNE ◽  
A. LEJEUNE ◽  
C. MAHAUX
Keyword(s):  
Optical Model ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Microscopic Calculation ◽  
Optical Model Potential

Experimental investigation and modelling of light scattering in a-Si:H solar cells deposited on glass/ZnO:Al substrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krc ◽  
M. Zeman ◽  
O. Kluth ◽  
F. Smole ◽  
M. Topic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe descriptive scattering parameters, haze and angular distribution functions of textured ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxides with different surface roughness are measured. An approach to determine the scattering parameters of all internal interfaces in p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells deposited on the glass/ZnO:Al substrates is presented. Using the determined scattering parameters as the input parameters of the optical model, a good agreement between the measured and simulated quantum efficiencies of the p-i-n a-Si:H solar cells with different interface roughness is achieved.

Regional modelling of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke Part I: Model description and evaluation

Tellus B ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Heinold ◽  
Ina Tegen ◽  
Kerstin Schepanski ◽  
Matthias Tesche ◽  
Michael Esselborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Regional Modelling

The radiative effect of an aged, internally mixed Arctic aerosol originating from lower-latitude biomass burning

Tellus B ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christine Engvall ◽  
Johan Ström ◽  
Peter Tunved ◽  
Radovan Krejci ◽  
Hans Schlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Arctic Aerosol
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