Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D16) ◽  
pp. 18361-18370 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. McKendry ◽  
J. P. Hacker ◽  
R. Stull ◽  
S. Sakiyama ◽  
D. Mignacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

scholarly journals Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2999-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Donkelaar ◽  
R. V. Martin ◽  
W. R. Leaitch ◽  
A. M. Macdonald ◽  
T. W. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Long Range ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Transport Experiment ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500–900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72–85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5 μg/m3.

scholarly journals Spectral optical properties of long-range transport Asian dust and pollution aerosols over Northeast Asia in 2007 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 5391-5408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jung ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
K. Y. Lee ◽  
M. G. -Cayetano ◽  
T. Batmunkh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. As a part of the IGAC (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry) Mega-cities program, aerosol physical and optical properties were continuously measured from March 2007 to March 2008 at an urban site (37.57° N, 126.94° E) in Seoul, Korea. Spectral optical properties of long-range transported Asian dust and pollution aerosols have been investigated based on the year long measurement data. Optically measured black carbon/thermally measured elemental carbon (BC/EC) ratio showed clear monthly variation with high values in summer and low values in winter mainly due to the enhancement of light attenuation by the internal mixing of EC. Novel approach has been suggested to retrieve the spectral light absorption coefficient (babs) from Aethalometer raw data by using BC/EC ratio. Mass absorption efficiency, σabs (=babs/EC) at 550 nm was determined to be 9.0±1.3, 8.9±1.5, 9.5±2.0, and 10.3±1.7 m2 g−1 in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively with an annual mean of 9.4±1.8 m2 g−1. Threshold values to classify severe haze events were suggested in this study. Increasing trend of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) with wavelength was observed during Asian dust events while little spectral dependence of SSA was observed during long-range transport pollution (LTP) events. Satellite aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Hysplit air mass backward trajectory analyses as well as chemical analysis were performed to characterize the dependence of spectral optical properties on aerosol type. Results from this study can provide useful information for studies on regional air quality and aerosol's effects on climate change.

scholarly journals Asian Long-Range Transport in Relation to Atmospheric Rivers in Northern California

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Liu ◽  
Sen Chiao ◽  
Ju-Mee Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

The study investigates the effect of aerosol long-range transport on precipitation over Northern California during atmospheric river (AR) events in the 2017 cold season (January–April). ARs in 2017 were one of the strongest to date, and the intense precipitation associated with the ARs resulted in flooding, destruction of property, and contamination of water supplies. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data shows Asian dust traveling across the Northern Pacific Ocean along with AR events. Aerosol measurements in California, provided by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), show that more Asian dust tends to be observed over the coast, while non-Asian/localized dust is observed inland. A mixture of Asian and localized dust is observed over the mountains, although higher amounts of both are observed in the spring (March–April). Back trajectory analysis confirms that Asian aerosols are transported along the air parcels, and each AR event has its own transport pattern in terms of horizontal advection and vertical lifting. Correlation between precipitation and aerosols is low. This suggests that aerosols contribute little to the decrease of local precipitation during the 2017 AR events.

scholarly journals Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the intercontinental chemical transport experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian Sulfur to Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4017-4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Donkelaar ◽  
R. V. Martin ◽  
W. R. Leaitch ◽  
A. M. Macdonald ◽  
T. W. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Long Range ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Transport Experiment ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 1 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Trends in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 63% of the measured sulfate at 600 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. Simulation of INTEX-B and May 1985 aircraft measurements off the northwest coast of the United States reveals a 2.4–3.4 fold increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.14–0.19 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 40% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.27 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, suggesting current East Asian emissions degrade local air quality.

scholarly journals Long-range transport of giant particles in Asian dust identified by physical, mineralogical, and meteorological analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Jeong ◽  
J. Y. Kim ◽  
J. Seo ◽  
G. M. Kim ◽  
H. C. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Regional Circulation ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Giant particles transported over long distances are generally of limited concern in atmospheric studies due to their low number concentrations in mineral dust and possible local origin. However, they can play an important role in regional circulation of earth materials due to their enormous volume concentration. Asian dust laden with giant particles was observed in Korea on 31 March 2012, after a migration of about 2000 km across the Yellow Sea from the Gobi Desert. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that 20% of the particles exceeded 10 μm in equivalent sphere diameter, with a maximum of 60 μm. The median diameter from the number distribution was 5.7 μm, which was larger than the diameters recorded of 2.5 and 2.9 μm in Asian dust storms in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and was consistent with independent optical particle counter data. Giant particles (>10 μm) contributed about 89% of the volume of the dust in the 2012 storm. Illite–smectite series clay minerals were the major mineral group followed by quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and calcite. The total phyllosilicate content was ~52%. The direct long-range transport of giant particles was confirmed by calcite nanofibers closely associated with clays in a submicron scale identified by high-resolution SEM and transmission electron microscopy. Since giant particles consisted of clay agglomerates and clay-coated quartz, feldspars, and micas, the mineral composition varied little throughout the fine (<5 μm), coarse (5–10 μm), giant-S (10–20 μm), and giant-L (>20 μm) size bins. Analysis of the synoptic conditions of the 2012 dust event and its migration indicated that the mid-tropospheric strong wind belt directly stretching to Korea induced rapid transport of the dust, delivering giant particles. Giant dust particles with high settling velocity would be the major input into the terrestrial and marine sedimentary and ecological systems of East Asia and the western Pacific. Analysis of ancient aeolian deposits in Korea suggested the common deposition of giant particles from Asian dust through the late Quaternary Period. The roles of giant particles should be reviewed with regard to regional circulation of mineral particles and nutrients.

scholarly journals Airborne Asian Dust: Case Study of Long-Range Transport and Implications for the Detection of Volcanic Ash

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Simpson ◽  
G. L. Hufford ◽  
R. Servranckx ◽  
J. Berg ◽  
D. Pieri
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Dust Case

scholarly journals Change of iron species and iron solubility in Asian dust during the long-range transport from western China to Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 11237-11252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
M. Higashi ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
S. Mitsunobu
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
Iron Solubility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. In the North Pacific, transport and deposition of mineral dust from Asia appear to be one of major sources of iron which can regulate growth of phytoplankton in the ocean. In this process, it is essential to identify chemical species of iron contained in Asian dust, because bioavailability of iron in the ocean is strongly influenced by the solubility of iron, which in turn is dependent on iron species in the dust. Here, we report that clay minerals (illite and chlorite) in the dusts near the source collected at Aksu (western China) can be transformed into ferrihydrite by atmospheric chemical processes during their long-range transport to eastern China (Qingdao) and Japan (Tsukuba) based on the speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and other methods such as X-ray diffraction and chemical extraction. As a result, Fe molar ratio in Aksu (illite : chlorite : ferrihydrite = 70 : 25 : 5) was changed to that in Tsukuba (illite : chlorite : ferrihydrite = 65 : 10 : 25). Moreover, leaching experiments were conducted to study the change of iron solubility. It was found that the iron solubility for the dust in Tsukuba (soluble iron fraction: 11.8 % and 1.10 % for synthetic rain water and seawater, respectively) was larger than that in Aksu (4.1 % and 0.28 %, respectively), showing that iron in the dust after the transport becomes more soluble possibly due to the formation of ferrihydrite in the atmosphere. Our findings suggested that secondary formation of ferrihydrite during the transport should be considered as one of important processes in evaluating the supply of soluble iron to seawater.

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