scholarly journals Ring current ion composition during solar minimum and rising solar activity: Polar/CAMMICE/MICS results

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (A9) ◽  
pp. 19131-19147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Pulkkinen ◽  
N. Yu. Ganushkina ◽  
D. N. Baker ◽  
N. E. Turner ◽  
J. F. Fennell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Ion Composition

scholarly journals Implications of potential future grand solar minimum for ozone layer and climate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Arsenovic ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Julien Anet ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
Thomas Peter
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
22Nd Century ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are expected to cause further global warming throughout the 21st century. Understanding potential interferences with natural forcings is thus of great interest. Here we investigate the impact of a recently proposed 21st century grand solar minimum on atmospheric chemistry and climate using the SOCOL3-MPIOM chemistry-climate model with interactive ocean. We examine several model simulations for the period 2000–2199, following the greenhouse gas scenario RCP4.5, but with different solar forcings: the reference simulation is forced by perpetual repetition of solar cycle 23 until the year 2199, whereas the grand solar minimum simulations assume strong declines in solar activity of 3.5 and 6.5 W m−2 with different durations. Decreased solar activity is found to yield up to a doubling of the GHG induced stratospheric and mesospheric cooling. Under the grand solar minimum scenario tropospheric temperatures are also projected to decrease. On the global scale the reduced solar forcing compensates at most 15 % of the expected greenhouse warming at the end of 21st and around 25 % at the end of 22nd century. The regional effects are predicted to be stronger, in particular in northern high latitude winter. In the stratosphere, the reduced incoming ultraviolet radiation leads to less ozone production by up to 8 %, which overcompensates the anticipated ozone increase due to reduced stratospheric temperatures and an acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. This, in turn, leads to a delay in total ozone column recovery from anthropogenic chlorine-induced depletion, with a global ozone recovery to the pre-ozone hole values happening only upon completion of the grand solar minimum in the 22nd century or later.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of ionospheric drivers during the extreme solar minimum of 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Klenzing ◽  
A. G. Burrell ◽  
R. A. Heelis ◽  
J. D. Huba ◽  
R. Pfaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Ion Density ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Minimum Solar Activity ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Electric Field Instrument

Abstract. During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age, resulting in a contracted atmosphere. This extremely low solar activity provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the variability of the Earth's ambient ionosphere. The average E × B drifts measured by the Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during this period are found to have several differences from the expected climatology based on previous solar minima, including downward drifts in the early afternoon and a weak to non-existent pre-reversal enhancement. Using SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) as a computational engine, we investigate the effects of these electrodynamical changes as well as the contraction of the thermosphere and reduced EUV ionization on the ionosphere. The sensitivity of the simulations to wind models is also discussed. These modeled ionospheres are compared to the C/NOFS average topside ion density and composition and Formosa Satellite-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate average NmF2 and hmF2. In all cases, incorporating the VEFI drift data significantly improves the model results when compared to both the C/NOFS density data and the F3/C GOX data. Changing the MSIS and EUVAC models produced changes in magnitude, but not morphology with respect to local time. The choice of wind model modulates the resulting topside density and composition, but only the use of the VEFI E × B drifts produces the observed post-sunset drop in the F peak.

CRRES observations of stormtime ring current ion composition

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Roeder ◽  
J. F. Fennell ◽  
M. W. Chen ◽  
M. Grande ◽  
S. Livi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Current ◽  
Ion Composition

scholarly journals Inference of the ring current ion composition by means of charge exchange decay

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (A5) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Smith ◽  
N. K. Bewtra ◽  
R. A. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Ion Composition

scholarly journals The Total Solar Irradiance, UV Emission and Magnetic Flux during the Last Solar Cycle Minimum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Benevolenskaya ◽  
I. G. Kostuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sunspot Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Uv Emission ◽  
Surface Rotation ◽  
Spectral Solar Irradiance

We have analyzed the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar irradiance as ultraviolet emission (UV) in the wavelength range 115–180 nm, observed with the instruments TIM and SOLSTICE within the framework of SORCE (the solar radiation and climate experiment) during the long solar minimum between the 23rd and 24th cycles. The wavelet analysis reveals an increase in the magnetic flux in the latitudinal zone of the sunspot activity, accompanied with an increase in the TSI and UV on the surface rotation timescales of solar activity complexes. In-phase coherent structures between the midlatitude magnetic flux and TSI/UV appear when the long-lived complexes of the solar activity are present. These complexes, which are related to long-lived sources of magnetic fields under the photosphere, are maintained by magnetic fluxes reappearing in the same longitudinal regions. During the deep solar minimum (the period of the absence of sunspots), a coherent structure has been found, in which the phase between the integrated midlatitude magnetic flux is ahead of the total solar irradiance on the timescales of the surface rotation.

scholarly journals On the variations of the thermospheric structure

1965 ◽  
Vol 288 (1415) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Density ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Atmospheric Variations

The paper discusses the properties of the different effects which have been found to occur in the thermosphere and some conclusions which can be drawn with regard to the physics of the thermosphere. In the discussion of the diurnal variation the emphasis is on the behaviour of the diurnal amplitude in density during the solar cycle. At the height range between 200 and 300 km the amplitude has remarkably increased with decreasing solar activity. The relation between atmospheric density and temperature and the solar e.u.v. flux and the solar 10.7 cm flux—the latter serving as a convenient parameter—is discussed. The observational results for a phaseshift between the variations in the e.u.v. flux (or 10.7 cm flux) and the correlated variations in atmospheric temperature (or density) lie in the range between 0.5 and 2.3 days. During the solar minimum the atmospheric variations which parallel the 10.7 cm flux are far less pronounced than the variations correlated with geomagnetic activity. The phase shift derived from 45 geomagnetic storms and correlated density changes has been found to be 6 ± 3 (m.e.) h.

scholarly journals Simulation of off-equatorial ring current ion spectra measured by Polar for a moderate storm at solar minimum

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (A1) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Jordanova ◽  
C. J. Farrugia ◽  
J. M. Quinn ◽  
R. B. Torbert ◽  
J. E. Borovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Ring Current ◽  
Moderate Storm
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