scholarly journals Volcanic gas emission rates measured by solar occultation spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 3131-3134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Duffell ◽  
Clive Oppenheimer ◽  
Mike Burton
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Solar Occultation ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

Walking traverse and scanning DOAS measurements of volcanic gas emission rates

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (20) ◽  
pp. 46-1-46-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. S. McGonigle ◽  
C. Oppenheimer ◽  
B. Galle ◽  
T. A. Mather ◽  
D. M. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

scholarly journals 14C Wiggle-Matching of the B-Tm Tephra, Baitoushan Volcano, China/North Korea

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Yatsuzuka ◽  
Mitsuru Okuno ◽  
Toshio Nakamura ◽  
Katsuhiko Kimura ◽  
Yohei Setoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Eruption Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

We performed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching of 2 wood samples from charred trunks of trees (samples A and B) collected from an ignimbrite deposit on the northeastern slope of the Baitoushan Volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The obtained calendar years for the eruption are cal AD 945–960 for sample A and cal AD 859–884 and cal AD 935–963 for sample B in the 2-σ range. These results are unable to determine the precise eruption age. The reason for the difference in reported ages may be due to volcanic gas emission prior to the huge eruption.

scholarly journals Influence of eruptive style on volcanic gas emission chemistry and temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Oppenheimer ◽  
Bruno Scaillet ◽  
Andrew Woods ◽  
A. Jeff Sutton ◽  
Tamar Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Eruptive Style ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

Destruction and Recovery of Vegetation Caused by the 2000-Year Eruption on Miyake-Jima Island, Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kamijo ◽  
◽  
Minami Kawagoe ◽  
Taku Kato ◽  
Yutaka Kiyohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Succession ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Izu Islands ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

The active Mt. Oyama volcano on Miyake-jima Island in the Izu Islands, Japan, erupted in 2000 followed by large amounts of volcanic gas containing high concentrations of SO2has been emitted. The island ecosystem has been heavily damaged by the volcanic ash and gas. We detail the destruction and recovery of vegetation found in a 7-year study of 11 permanent plots from 2001 to 2007. Damage to vegetation by ash was worst near the crater in 2001. Trees began dying in 2001, apparently due to direct and/or indirect effects of volcanic gas emission. In contrast to the tree decline, two grass species,Miscanthus condensatusandCarex oshimensis, increased notably following the eruption, suggesting their high SO2and acidic soil tolerance.Miscanthus condensatusandC. oshimensiswere not dominant species in early stage of primary succession before the 2000-year eruption. In the vegetation recovery after the eruption, the tolerances to SO2and acidic soils are necessary for plant species to colonize on devastated sites.

Diffuse volcanic gas emission and thermal energy release from the summit crater of Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara M. Dionis ◽  
Gladys Melián ◽  
Fátima Rodríguez ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Summit Crater ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

The dual-beam mini-DOAS technique—measurements of volcanic gas emission, plume height and plume speed with a single instrument

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Johansson ◽  
Bo Galle ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Claudia Rivera ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plume Height ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Single Instrument ◽  
Volcanic Gas Emission

Design and Calibration of Chambers for the Measurement of Housed Dairy Cow Gaseous Emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Drewry ◽  
J. Mark Powell ◽  
Christopher Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Air Mixing

Abstract. The increased global demand for milk and other dairy products over the past decade has heightened concerns about the potential for increased environmental impacts. Accurate measurement of gas emissions from dairy cows is essential to assess the effects of cow diets and other management practices on both the composition and rate of gas emissions. In this article, methodologies are described to instrument, calibrate, and assess the uncertainty of gas emissions by cows housed in chambers that simulate production settings. The supply and exhaust ducts of each chamber were equipped with pitot tubes, temperature and relative humidity probes, and gas samplers to monitor airflow rates, gas composition, and gas emission rates. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument was used to quantify gaseous concentrations in the gas samples on a semi-continuous basis. The measurement uncertainty of the rate of gaseous emission from the chambers was quantified, and gas concentration and differential pressure, as measured by the pitot tubes, were identified as the primary parameters contributing to gas emission uncertainties. Mass recovery tests determined that the recovery of methane from each chamber was within 10% of the released mass. Fan operating curves were experimentally determined to identify optimum differential chamber pressures to minimize gas leakage from the chambers. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to assess air mixing patterns and define steady-state conditions. The model was validated with experimental data of air velocity within each chamber. These procedures will facilitate accurate measurement of gas emissions from housed dairy cows and provide a laboratory to test various gas mitigation treatments. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Dairy, Emission chamber.

scholarly journals First In-Situ Measurements of Plume Chemistry at Mount Garet Volcano, Island of Gaua (Vanuatu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7293
Author(s):  
Joao Lages ◽  
Yves Moussallam ◽  
Philipson Bani ◽  
Nial Peters ◽  
Alessandro Aiuppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Gas Chemistry

Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and their chemical imprints. Here, we report on the first plume chemistry data for Mount Garet, on the island of Gaua, one of the few persistent volatile emitters along the Vanuatu arc. Data were collected with a multi-component gas analyzer system (multi-GAS) during a field campaign in December 2018. The average volcanic gas chemistry is characterized by mean molar CO2/SO2, H2O/SO2, H2S/SO2 and H2/SO2 ratios of 0.87, 47.2, 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. Molar proportions in the gas plume are estimated at 95.9 ± 11.6, 1.8 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01, for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2. Using the satellite-based 10-year (2005–2015) averaged SO2 flux of ~434 t d−1 for Mt. Garet, we estimate a total volatile output of about 6482 t d−1 (CO2 ~259 t d−1; H2O ~5758 t d−1; H2S ~30 t d−1; H2 ~0.5 t d−1). This may be representative of a quiescent, yet persistent degassing period at Mt. Garet; whilst, as indicated by SO2 flux reports for the 2009–2010 unrest, emissions can be much higher during eruptive episodes. Our estimated emission rates and gas composition for Mount Garet provide insightful information on volcanic gas signatures in the northernmost part of the Vanuatu Arc Segment. The apparent CO2-poor signature of high-temperature plume degassing at Mount Garet raises questions on the nature of sediments being subducted in this region of the arc and the possible role of the slab as the source of subaerial CO2. In order to better address the dynamics of along-arc volatile recycling, more volcanic gas surveys are needed focusing on northern Vanuatu volcanoes.

scholarly journals Volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> and SiF<sub>4</sub> visualization using 2-D thermal emission spectroscopy – Part 1: Slant-columns and their ratios

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stremme ◽  
A. Krueger ◽  
R. Harig ◽  
M. Grutter
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Radiative Processes ◽  
Thermal Emission Spectroscopy

Abstract. The composition and emission rates of volcanic gas plumes provide insight of the geologic internal activity, atmospheric chemistry, aerosol formation and radiative processes around it. Observations are necessary for public security and the aviation industry. Ground-based thermal emission infrared spectroscopy, which uses the radiation of the volcanic gas itself, allows for continuously monitoring during day and night from a safe distance. We present measurements on Popocatépetl volcano based on thermal emission spectroscopy during different campaigns between 2006–2009 using a Scanning Infrared Gas Imaging System (SIGIS). The experimental set-up, measurement geometries and analytical algorithms are described. The equipment was operated from a safe distance of 12 km from the volcano at two different spectral resolutions: 0.5 and 4 cm−1. The 2-dimensional scanning capability of the instrument allows for an on-line visualization of the volcanic SO2 plume and its animation. SiF4 was also identified in the infrared spectra recorded at both resolutions. The SiF4/SO2 molecular ratio can be calculated from each image and used as a highly useful parameter to follow changes in volcanic activity. A small Vulcanian eruption was monitored during the night of 16 to 17 November 2008 and strong ash emission together with a pronounced SO2 cloud was registered around 01:00 a.m. LST (Local Standard Time). Enhanced SiF4/SO2 ratios were observed before and after the eruption. A validation of the results from thermal emission measurements with those from absorption spectra of the moon taken at the same time, as well as an error analysis, are presented. The inferred propagation speed from sequential images is used in a subsequent paper (Part 2) to calculate the emission rates at different distances from the crater.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document