Composite global emissions of reactive chlorine from anthropogenic and natural sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (D7) ◽  
pp. 8429-8440 ◽  
Author(s):  
William. C. Keene ◽  
M. Aslam K. Khalil ◽  
David. J. Erickson ◽  
Archie McCulloch ◽  
Thomas E. Graedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sources ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Global Emissions

scholarly journals Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (D7) ◽  
pp. 8391-8403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie McCulloch ◽  
Michael L. Aucott ◽  
Carmen M. Benkovitz ◽  
Thomas E. Graedel ◽  
Gary Kleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Global Emissions

scholarly journals Urban CO2 Budget: Spatial and Seasonal Variability of CO2 Emissions in Krakow, Poland

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Alina Jasek-Kamińska ◽  
Mirosław Zimnoch ◽  
Przemysław Wachniew ◽  
Kazimierz Różański
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Anthropogenic Component ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
The City ◽  
Global Emissions

Krakow, with an area of 327 km2 and over 750,000 inhabitants, is one of the largest cities in Poland. Within the administrative city borders several anthropogenic CO2 source types are located, including car traffic, household coal and natural gas burning, and industrial emissions. Additionally, the biosphere produces its own, seasonally variable, input to the local atmospheric carbon budget. In order to quantify each of CO2 budget contributions to the local atmosphere, a number of analytical and numerical techniques have been implemented. The seasonal variability of CO2 emission from soils around the city has been directly measured using the chamber method; CO2 net flux from an area containing several source types has been measured with a relaxed eddy accumulation—a variation of the eddy covariance method. Global emissions inventory, as well as local statistical data have been utilized to assess anthropogenic component of the budget. As other cities where CO2 budget was quantified, Krakow proved to be a net source of this greenhouse gas, and the calculated annual mean net flux of CO2 to the atmosphere equal 6.1 kg C m−2 is consistent with previous estimations.

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

Design, 22-step synthesis, and evaluation of highly potent D-ring modified and linker-equipped analogs of spongistatin 1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Leighton ◽  
Linda M. Suen ◽  
Makeda A. Tekle-Smith ◽  
Kevin S. Williamson ◽  
Joshua R. Infantine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Spongistatin 1 ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Attractive Candidate ◽  
Complex Fragment ◽  
Antibody Drug

With an average GI50 value against the NCI panel of 60 human cancer cell lines of 0.12 nM, spongistatin 1 is among the most potent anti-proliferative agents ever discovered rendering it an attractive candidate for development as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates and other targeted delivery approaches. It is unavailable from natural sources and its size and complex stereostructure render chemical synthesis highly time- and resource-intensive, however, and its development requires more efficient and step-economical synthetic access. Using novel and uniquely enabling direct complex fragment coupling alkallyl- and crotylsilylation reactions, we have developed a 22-step synthesis of a rationally designed D-ring modified analog of spongistatin 1 that is equipotent with the natural product, and have used that synthesis to establish that the C(15) acetate may be replaced with a linker functional group-bearing ester with only minimal reductions in potency.<br><div><br></div>

THE MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF CHITIN-GLUCAN COMPLEXES OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS NATURAL SOURCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Zhiltsov ◽  
◽  
O.S. Brovko ◽  
I.A. Palamarchuk ◽  
T.A. Boitsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sources

Inulin: natural sources, features of metabolism in plants and practical application

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
E.R. Serbaeva ◽  
A.B. Yakupova ◽  
Yu.R. Magasumova ◽  
K.A. Farkhutdinova ◽  
G.R. Akhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Application ◽  
Natural Sources
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