The Chemistry of Diffuse-Flow Vent Fluids on the Galapagos Rift (86°W)° Temporal Variability and Subseafloor Phase Equilibria Controls

2013 ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Pester ◽  
D. A. Butterfield ◽  
D. I. Foustoukos ◽  
K. K. Roe ◽  
K. Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Galapagos Rift

Fine-scale taxonomic and temporal variability in the energy density of invertebrate prey of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
J Weil ◽  
WDP Duguid ◽  
F Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Variation in the energy content of prey can drive the diet choice, growth and ultimate survival of consumers. In Pacific salmon species, obtaining sufficient energy for rapid growth during early marine residence is hypothesized to reduce the risk of size-selective mortality. In order to determine the energetic benefit of feeding choices for individuals, accurate estimates of energy density (ED) across prey groups are required. Frequently, a single species is assumed to be representative of a larger taxonomic group or related species. Further, single-point estimates are often assumed to be representative of a group across seasons, despite temporal variability. To test the validity of these practices, we sampled zooplankton prey of juvenile Chinook salmon to investigate fine-scale taxonomic and temporal differences in ED. Using a recently developed model to estimate the ED of organisms using percent ash-free dry weight, we compared energy content of several groups that are typically grouped together in growth studies. Decapod megalopae were more energy rich than zoeae and showed family-level variability in ED. Amphipods showed significant species-level variability in ED. Temporal differences were observed, but patterns were not consistent among groups. Bioenergetic model simulations showed that growth rate of juvenile Chinook salmon was almost identical when prey ED values were calculated on a fine scale or on a taxon-averaged coarse scale. However, single-species representative calculations of prey ED yielded highly variable output in growth depending on the representative species used. These results suggest that the latter approach may yield significantly biased results.

Phase equilibria in partially open systems under pressure: the decomposition of stoichiometric GeO2 oxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 173 (12) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Brazhkin ◽  
Roman N. Voloshin ◽  
A.G. Lyapin ◽  
Svetlana V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Open Systems

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

Lelonkiewicz_Gambi_2020_Making_oneself_predictable_in_linguistic_interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Roman Lelonkiewicz ◽  
Chiara Gambi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Variable Delays ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Do So

While language production is a highly demanding task, conversational partners are known to coordinate their turns with striking precision. Among the mechanisms that allow them to do so is listeners’ ability to predict what the speaker will say, and thus to prepare their response in advance. But do speakers also play a role in facilitating coordination? We hypothesised that speakers contribute by using coordination smoothers – in particular by making their turns easier to predict. To test this, we asked participants to type definitions for common English words, either on their own (n = 26 individuals) or interacting with a partner (n = 18 pairs), and we measured the timing with which they produced the definitions. In a post-test, additional participants (n = 55) attempted to predict the final word of these definitions and rated them for quality. We found that interacting speakers initiated their turns with less variable delays than solo individuals. In contrast, our post-test measures suggested that jointly produced definitions were in fact of lower predictability and quality than those produced by individuals, but the analysis revealed these findings were likely confounded by task difficulty. We propose that the reduction in temporal variability observed for interacting speakers may facilitate prediction and thus act as a coordination smoother in linguistic interactions. [NOTE: Please cite this paper as: Lelonkiewicz, J. R., & Gambi, C. (2020). Making oneself predictable in linguistic interactions. Acta Psychologica, 209, 103125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103125 ]

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