Inherent Variation in Plant Growth. Physiological Mechanisms and Ecological Consequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
J. Catsky
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ecological Consequences

scholarly journals Exploring the Physiological mechanisms and Ecological Consequences of Energetic Tradeoffs: An Integative Study of the Influences of Avian Malarial Infection on Thermogenic Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Mathew Carling
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Survival in variable environments often requires careful allocation of resources to competing physiological and behavioral functions. Because these competing processes often have additive energetic costs (Hawley et al. 2012), a limited resource pool forces individuals to make difficult trade-off decisions regarding energetic investments (Lochmiller and Deerenberg 2000). These trade-offs are a cornerstone of life-history theory that is aimed at determining the optimal allocation strategies in variable environments (Ricklefs and Wikelski 2002), and understanding their physiological and ecological consequences has renewed poignancy in the face of the unprecedented rate of anthropogenic environmental change occurring across the planet.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Mechanisms of Maize for Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed Md. Hasibuzzaman ◽  
Farzana Akter ◽  
Shamim Ara Bagum ◽  
Nilima Hossain ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Maize is one of the mostly consumed grains in the world. It possesses a greater potentiality of being an alternative to rice and wheat in the near future. In field condition, maize encounters abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, water logging, cold, heat, etc. Physiology and production of maize are largely affected by drought. Drought has become a prime cause of agricultural disaster because of the major occurrence records of the last few decades. It leads to immense losses in plant growth (plant height and stem), water relations (relative water content), gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate), and nutrient levels in maize. To mitigate the effect of stress, plant retreats by using multiple morphological, molecular, and physiological mechanisms. Maize alters its physiological processes like photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activities, carbohydrate metabolism, nutrient metabolism, and other drought-responsive pathways in response to drought. Synthesis of some chemicals like proline, abscisic acid (ABA), different phenolic compounds, etc. helps to fight against stress. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can result to the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid which also helps to resist drought. Moreover, adaptation to drought and heat stress is positively influenced by the activity of chaperone proteins and proteases, protein that responds to ethylene and ripening. Some modifications generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 are able to improve maize yield in drought. Forward and reverse genetics and functional and comparative genomics are being implemented now to overcome stress conditions like drought. Maize response to drought is a multifarious physiological and biochemical process. Applying data synthesis approach, this study aims toward better demonstration of its consequences to provide critical information on maize tolerance along with minimizing yield loss.

Physiological mechanisms in plant growth models: do we need a supra-cellular systems biology approach?

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENDRIK POORTER ◽  
NIELS P. R. ANTEN ◽  
LEO F. M. MARCELIS
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms

scholarly journals Ontogenetic variation in salinity tolerance and ecophysiology of coastal dune plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D Lum ◽  
Kasey E Barton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Ontogenetic Stages ◽  
Coastal Dune Plants ◽  
Dune Plants ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Background and Aims Global climate change includes shifts in temperature and precipitation, increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and sea level rise, which will drastically impact coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify salinity tolerance and to identify physiological mechanisms underlying tolerance across wholeplant ontogeny in two widespread native coastal plant species in Hawaiʻi, Jacquemontia sandwicensis (Convolvulaceae) and Sida fallax (Malvaceae). Methods At the seed, seedling, juvenile and mature ontogenetic stages, plants were exposed to high salinity watering treatments. Tolerance was assayed as the performance of stressed compared with control plants using multiple fitness metrics, including germination, survival, growth and reproduction. Potential physiological mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance were measured at each ontogenetic stage, including: photosynthesis and stomatal conductance rates, leaf thickness, leaf mass per area and biomass allocation. Key Results Salinity tolerance varied between species and across ontogeny but, overall, salinity tolerance increased across ontogeny. For both species, salinity exposure delayed flowering. Physiological and morphological leaf traits shifted across plant ontogeny and were highly plastic in response to salinity. Traits enhancing performance under high salinity varied across ontogeny and between species. For J. sandwicensis, water use efficiency enhanced growth for juvenile plants exposed to high salinity, while chlorophyll content positively influenced plant growth under salinity in the mature stage. For S. fallax, transpiration enhanced plant growth only under low salinity early in ontogeny; high transpiration constrained growth under high salinity across all ontogenetic stages. Conclusions That salinity effects vary across ontogenetic stages indicates that demographic consequences of sea level rise and coastal flooding will influence population dynamics in complex ways. Furthermore, even coastal dune plants presumably adapted to tolerate salinity demonstrate reduced ecophysiological performance, growth and reproduction under increased salinity, highlighting the conservation importance of experimental work to better project climate change effects on plants.

scholarly journals Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1607) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Styrsky ◽  
Micky D Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Local Abundance ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Interactions between ants and honeydew-producing hemipteran insects are abundant and widespread in arthropod food webs, yet their ecological consequences are very poorly known. Ant–hemipteran interactions have potentially broad ecological effects, because the presence of honeydew-producing hemipterans dramatically alters the abundance and predatory behaviour of ants on plants. We review several studies that investigate the consequences of ant–hemipteran interactions as ‘keystone interactions’ on arthropod communities and their host plants. Ant–hemipteran interactions have mostly negative effects on the local abundance and species richness of several guilds of herbivores and predators. In contrast, out of the 30 studies that document the effects of ant–hemipteran interactions on plants, the majority (73%) shows that plants actually benefit indirectly from these interactions. In these studies, increased predation or harassment of other, more damaging, herbivores by hemipteran-tending ants resulted in decreased plant damage and/or increased plant growth and reproduction. The ecological consequences of mutualistic interactions between honeydew-producing hemipterans and invasive ants relative to native ants have rarely been studied, but they may be of particular importance owing to the greater abundance, aggressiveness and extreme omnivory of invasive ants. We argue that ant–hemipteran interactions are largely overlooked and underappreciated interspecific interactions that have strong and pervasive effects on the communities in which they are embedded.

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