Role of Phenoxyl Radicals in DNA Adduction by Chlorophenol Xenobiotics Following Peroxidase Activation

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Dai ◽  
Amy L. Sloat ◽  
Marcus W. Wright ◽  
Richard A. Manderville
Keyword(s):  
Phenoxyl Radicals ◽  
Dna Adduction ◽  
Peroxidase Activation

scholarly journals Inhibition of Na+K+-ATPase by phenoxyl radicals of etoposide (VP-16): role of sulfhydryls oxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 1232 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Kurella ◽  
Anatoly N. Osipov ◽  
Radoslav Goldman ◽  
Alexander A. Boldyrev ◽  
Valerian E. Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Phenoxyl Radicals

Ambident reactivity of phenoxyl radicals in DNA adduction

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Manderville
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phenoxyl Radicals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Direct Reactions ◽  
Dna Adduction ◽  
Active Transition ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Phenols are a class of compounds that can create beneficial effects in vivo owing to their antioxidant properties (through radical scavenging), or they can display hazardous effects owing to their pro-oxidant properties. The mechanism by which phenols act as pro-oxidants stems from their one-electron oxidation into reactive phenoxyl radicals by peroxidase enzymes or redox-active transition metals. In the presence of thiols and molecular oxygen, these reactive phenoxyl radicals stimulate an oxidative stress and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, which is proposed to contribute to the occurrence of cancer in peroxidase rich tissues. Recent results from our laboratory show that certain phenoxyl radicals can also react directly with the C-8 site of deoxyguanosine to afford oxygen and carbon bonded adducts. This reactivity is consistent with the ambident (oxygen vs. C attachment) electrophilicity of phenoxyl radicals coupled with the susceptibility of the C-8 site of deoxyguanosine to radical attachment. Given that formation of covalent DNA adducts is regarded as the initiation event in the carcinogenic process, C-8 deoxyguanosine adducts of phenolic toxins are expected to contribute greatly to peroxidase driven toxic effects of phenolic xenobiotics. The focus of this review is the role of phenoxyl radicals in direct reactions with DNA and the use of Brown σ+ values to predict their reactivity.Key words: DNA adduction, phenoxyl radicals, chlorophenols, ochratoxin A, deoxyguanosine.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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