Open-Vessel Microwave-Promoted Suzuki Reactions Using Low Levels of Palladium Catalyst:  Optimization and Scale-Up

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Leadbeater ◽  
Victoria A. Williams ◽  
Thomas M. Barnard ◽  
Michael J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Palladium Catalyst ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Suzuki Reactions ◽  
Low Levels

Recovery and reuse of ionic liquids and palladium catalyst for Suzuki reactions using organic solvent nanofiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hau-to Wong ◽  
Christopher John Pink ◽  
Frederico Castelo Ferreira ◽  
Andrew Guy Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Palladium Catalyst ◽  
Suzuki Reactions ◽  
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration ◽  
Recovery And Reuse

scholarly journals Effect of Productive Capacities on Economic Complexity: Do Aid for Trade flows Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm GNANGNON
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Generalized Methods Of Moments ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Methods Of Moments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The COVID-19 health pandemic has exposed the strong vulnerabilities of countries, including developing ones to shocks, and underlined the need for exploring ways to strengthen countries' resilience to future shocks. The current paper uses the dataset made recently available by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) to examine (for the first time) the effect of productive capacities on economic complexity. The analysis further investigates whether Aid for Trade (AfT) flows matter for the influence of productive capacities on economic complexity in recipient-countries. The analysis uses a sample of 126 countries (including both developed and developing countries) over the period 2002-2018, and adopts the two-step system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) approach. Results have shown that productive capacities exert a positive effect on economic complexity over the full sample. However, the magnitude of this positive effect varies across different sub-samples, with Least developed countries (LDCs) enjoying the lowest magnitude of this positive effect. Furthermore, total AfT flows are positively associated with economic complexity, with LDCs enjoying a higher positive effect than other countries. Interestingly, total AfT flows exert a higher positive effect on economic complexity in countries that experience low levels of overall productive capacities. The latter finding highlights the need for donor-countries to scale-up AfT flows in favour of countries (such as LDCs) that are characterized by low levels of productive capacities. Finally, the empirical outcomes indicate that productive capacities enhance economic complexity in countries that receive higher amounts of total NonAfT flows.

scholarly journals Using Stakeholder Perceptions to Inform Future Efforts to Implement Mental Health First Aid Training in China: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurong Lu ◽  
Yanling He ◽  
Kendall Searle ◽  
Pilvikki Absetz ◽  
Brian Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Contextual Adaptation ◽  
Delivery Formats

Background: The Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training program has been widely implemented in many high-income countries. Evidence on the adaptation of this and other similar programs in resource-constrained settings like China is very limited. This study aimed to explore the views of key stakeholders on the implementation issues and contextual factors relevant to the scale-up of MHFA in China.Methods: Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, five implementation domains of intervention characteristics, characteristics of individuals, contextual adaptation, outer and inner setting, and implementation process were investigated through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Twenty-four stakeholders with diverse expertise in the Chinese mental health system were interviewed. Transcripts were coded using NVivo 12 software and thematically analyzed.Results: Fifteen themes and 52 sub-themes were identified in relation to the five domains. Participants saw MHFA as meeting the need for more evidence-based interventions to improve population mental health. Previous participants in MHFA training were satisfied with the course, but their intentions to help and levels of self-efficacy varied. Contextual adaptation of course content, delivery formats, and financing models, was seen as essential. External health policies and some socioeconomic factors (e.g., improved living conditions) were perceived as potential enablers of scalability. Low levels of engagement in health interventions and lack of supportive social norms were identified as potential barriers while executive support, quality control, and sustainable funding were viewed as facilitators of implementation.Conclusion: MHFA training meets some very important current societal and public health needs in China. To achieve its potential impact, significant contextual adaptation is required, particularly in terms of course content, delivery formats, and financing models. Overcoming low levels of engagement in community-based mental health interventions and combating stigma will also be critical for its scale-up.

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

Many Migraineurs Have Low Levels of Vitamin D

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (18) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
DIANA MAHONEY
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Low Levels

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document