Nitration of Phenol and Substituted Phenols with Dilute Nitric Acid Using Phase-Transfer Catalysts

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh V. Joshi ◽  
Mubeen Baidoosi ◽  
Sudip Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Yoel Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Substituted Phenols ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

Cyclic trimeric perfluoro-o-phenylenemercury as the phase transfer catalyst for nitration with dilute nitric acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Zaraiskii ◽  
O. I. Kachurin ◽  
L. I. Velichko ◽  
I. A. Tikhonova ◽  
G. G. Furin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalyst ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

New highly efficient phase transfer catalyst for nitration with dilute nitric acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1936-1937
Author(s):  
A. P. Zaraisky ◽  
O. I. Kachurin ◽  
L. I. Velichko ◽  
I. A. Tikhonova ◽  
A. Yu. Volkonsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalyst ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

Oxidation of 4-nitro-o-xylene with nitric acid using N-hydroxyphthalimide under phase transfer conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Bo Wei ◽  
Bo Tang ◽  
Xin-Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Radical Initiators ◽  
Cobalt Dichloride ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

Abstract4-Nitro-o-xylene was selectively oxidized to 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid using dilute nitric acid as the oxidizing agent under atmospheric pressure. The oxidation of 4-nitro-o-xylene was effectively promoted by an addition of radical initiators. Under reflux, 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid was afforded in high yield using nitric acid combined with N-hydroxyphthalimide, cobalt dichloride (CoCl

scholarly journals Ultrasound promoted regioselective nitration of phenols using dilute nitric acid in the presence of phase transfer catalyst

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin S. Nandurkar ◽  
Mayur J. Bhanushali ◽  
Sachin R. Jagtap ◽  
Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalyst ◽  
Regioselective Nitration ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Trimeric Perfluoro-o-phenylenemercury as Phase-Transfer Catalyst for Reaction of Nitration with Dilute Nitric Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
A. P. ZARAISKII ◽  
O. I. KACHURIN ◽  
L. I. VELICHKO ◽  
I. A. TIKHONOVA ◽  
G. G. FURIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalyst ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

ChemInform Abstract: A New Highly Effective Phase Transfer Catalyst for Nitrations with Dilute Nitric Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
A. P. ZARAISKII ◽  
O. I. KACHURIN ◽  
L. I. VELICHKO ◽  
I. A. TIKHONOVA ◽  
A. YU. VOLKONSKII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalyst ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Effective Phase ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

Green Application of Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Oxidation: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Chuan-Hui Wang ◽  
Chen-Fu Liu ◽  
Guo-Wu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Onium Salts

Oxidation reactions have emerged as one of the most versatile tools in organic chemistry. Various onium salts such as ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium, bismuthonium, tellurium have been used as phase transfer catalysts in many oxidation reactions. Certainly, considerable catalysts have been widely used in Phase-Transfer Catalysis (PTC). This review focuses on the application of PTC in various oxidation reaction. Furthermore, PTC also conforms to the concept of “Green Chemistry”. <p></p> • Oxidation has become one of the most widely used tools in organic chemistry and phase transfer catalysts has been widely used in oxidation. <p></p> • The application of phase transfer catalysts in oxidation reaction will be summarized. <p></p> • Phase transfer catalysts have important application in various oxidation reaction.

Organocatalyzed Heterocyclic Transformations In Green Media: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Demirbas ◽  
Ahmet Demirbas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Organocatalytic Reactions

Background: Since the discovery of metal-free catalysts or organocatalysts about twenty years ago, a number of small molecules with different structures have been using to accelerate organic transformations. With the development of environmental awareness, in order to obtain highly privileged scaffolds, scientists have directed their studies towards the synthetic methodologies which minimize or preferably eliminate the formation of waste, avoid from toxic solvents and reagents and use renewable starting materials as far as possible. Methods: In this connection, the organocatalytic reactions providing efficiency and selectivity for most of case have become an endless topic in organic chemistry since several advantages from both practical and environmental standpoints. Organocatalysts supplying transformation of reactants into products with the least possible waste production have been serving to the concept of green chemistry. Results and Conclusion: Organocatalysts have been classified on the basis of their binding capacity to the substrate with covalently or noncovalent interactions involving hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Diverse types of small organic compounds including proline and its derivatives, phase-transfer catalysts, (thio)urease, phosphoric acids, sulfones, N-oxides, guanidines, cinchona derivatives, aminoindanol and amino acids have been utilized as hydrogen bonding organocatalysts in different chemical transformations.

scholarly journals Microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments deduced from the nature of a sedimentary kaolin deposit in central Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuichi Takagi ◽  
Ki-Cheol Shin ◽  
Mayumi Jige ◽  
Mihoko Hoshino ◽  
Katsuhiro Tsukimura
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Fe Oxidation ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Fe Hydroxide ◽  
Kaolin Deposit ◽  
Dilute Nitric Acid

AbstractKaolin deposits in the Seto-Tono district, central Japan, were formed by intense kaolinization of lacustrine arkose sediments deposited in small and shallow inland lakes in the late Miocene. Based on mineralogical and stable isotopic (Fe, C, N) studies of Motoyama kaolin deposit in the Seto area, we concluded that it was formed by microbial nitrification and acidification of lacustrine sediments underneath an inland lake. Small amounts of Fe–Ti oxides and Fe-hydroxide in the kaolin clay indicated that iron was oxidized and leached during the kaolinization. The field occurrences indicate that leached ferric iron precipitated on the bottom of the kaolin deposit as limonite crusts, and their significantly fractionated Fe isotope compositions suggest the involvement of microbial activity. The C/N ratios of most of the kaolin clay are distinctly higher than those of modern lacustrine sediment. Although, the possibility of a low-temperature hydrothermal origin of the kaolin deposit cannot be completely ruled out, it is more likely that acidification by dilute nitric acid formed from plant-derived ammonia could have caused the kaolinization, Fe oxidation and leaching. The nitrate-dependent microbial Fe oxidation is consistent with dilute nitric acid being the predominant oxidant.

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