pH-Stimulated Concurrent Mechanical Activation of Two DNA “Tweezers”. A “SET−RESET” Logic Gate System

Nano Letters ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4510-4514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Elbaz ◽  
Zhen-Gang Wang ◽  
Ron Orbach ◽  
Itamar Willner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Gate System

Revealing the switching mechanisms of an off–on–off fluorescent logic gate system

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (30) ◽  
pp. 16798-16803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Chi ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Qinglong Qiao ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Zhaochao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Molecular Logic Gate ◽  
Molecular Logic ◽  
System P ◽  
Gate System

We showed that TICT and PET were responsible for the off–on–off switching mechanisms of a fluorescent molecular logic gate.

scholarly journals On the Non-uniqueness Problem in Integrated Information Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Hanson ◽  
Sara Imari Walker
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Uniqueness Problem ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Optimization Routine ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Information Theory ◽  
Integrated Information

Integrated Information Theory is currently the leading mathematical theory of conscious- ness. The core of the theory relies on the calculation of a scalar mathematical measure of consciousness, Φ, which is deduced from the phenomenological axioms of the theory. Here, we show that despite its widespread use, Φ is not a well-defined mathematical concept in the sense that the value it specifies is neither unique nor specific. This problem, occasionally referred to as “undetermined qualia”, is the result of degeneracies in the optimization routine used to calculate Φ, which leads to ambiguities in determining the consciousness of systems under study. As demonstration, we first apply the mathematical definition of Φ to a simple AND+OR logic gate system and show 83 non-unique Φ values result, spanning a substantial portion of the range of possibilities. We then introduce a Python package called PyPhi-Spectrum which, unlike currently available packages, delivers the entire spectrum of possible Φ values for a given system. We apply this to a variety of examples of recently published calculations of Φ and show how virtually all Φ values from the sampled literature are chosen arbitrarily from a set of non-unique possibilities, the full range of which often includes both conscious and unconscious predictions. Lastly, we review proposed solutions to this degeneracy problem, and find none to provide a satisfactory solution, either because they fail to specify a unique Φ value or yield Φ = 0 for systems that are clearly integrated. We conclude with a discussion of requirements moving forward for scientifically valid theories of consciousness that avoid these degeneracy issues.

Hepatoprotective Angelica sinensis silver nanoformulation against multidrug resistant bacteria and the integration of a multicomponent logic gate system

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (37) ◽  
pp. 19149-19158
Author(s):  
Jouharsha Afthab ◽  
Nafeesa Khatoon ◽  
Lulu Zhou ◽  
Tianming Yao ◽  
Shuo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
System P ◽  
Gate System

A silver nanoformulation for combating bacterial infections and its integration in Boolean analysis for the detection of multiple bacteria has been developed.

Primitive Optical Computing Model with Films: Boolean Conjunction of the Square Matrix-Arrayed Color Codes

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kawano ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Optical Computing ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Natural Computing ◽  
Optical Logic ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Gate System

Color is one of the most useful and attractive characteristics of light applicable to optical science and the related industries. In recent decades, a number of studies focusing on the use of light as a key component of computation have attracted considerable attention from researchers and engineers because these studies are potentially applicable to signal processing through optical interconnections between electronic devices. Such studies include the optical parallel logic gates proposed by a Japanese research group, allowing spontaneous and parallel computing with spatial coding using lights, simply by overlaying a pair of shadowgram images. For computational handling of the colors visible to human eyes,Commission Internationale de l’Eclairgehas defined CIE 1976 color space (CIELAB). The author has been engaged in the development of CIELAB-based printable and computable color codes possibly used for novel optical logic gate system as one of natural computing approaches. In the present study, by employing the pairs of CIELAB-coded-printed transparent films overlaid, a Boolean operation for the crossing (conjugation) of 2-by-2 color matrices based on the scanning of CIELAB values was demonstrated. This approach is still primitive but might be a significant step for manifesting the array-based processing of colors representing print-preserved and digitalized information.

scholarly journals A nucleic acid logic gate system that distinguishes different sets of inputs from one miRNA collection with shared members

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (67) ◽  
pp. 42345-42349 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Zhang ◽  
Xiangjiang Zheng ◽  
Lian Xia ◽  
Jinmao You ◽  
Rui Ren
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Proof Of Principle ◽  
Logic System

A proof-of-principle logic system was established to process multi-input and multi-output logic relationships with the aim of identifying the tissue origins of cancer in light of their established relationships with miRNA distributions.

scholarly journals Construction of Multiple Switchable Sensors and Logic Gates Based on Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(N,N-Diethylacrylamide)

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wu ◽  
Xiaoqing Bai ◽  
Yang Ma ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Present System ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetric ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, binary hydrogel films based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (c-MWCNTs/PDEA) were successfully polymerized and assembled on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. The electroactive drug probes matrine and sophoridine in solution showed reversible thermal-, salt-, methanol- and pH-responsive switchable cyclic voltammetric (CV) behaviors at the film electrodes. The control experiments showed that the pH-responsive property of the system could be ascribed to the drug components of the solutions, whereas the thermal-, salt- and methanol-sensitive behaviors were attributed to the PDEA constituent of the films. The CV signals particularly, of matrine and sophoridine were significantly amplified by the electrocatalysis of c-MWCNTs in the films at 1.02 V and 0.91 V, respectively. Moreover, the addition of esterase, urease, ethyl butyrate, and urea to the solution also changed the pH of the system, and produced similar CV peaks as with dilution by HCl or NaOH. Based on these experiments, a 6-input/5-output logic gate system and 2-to-1 encoder were successfully constructed. The present system may lead to the development of novel types of molecular computing systems.

A DNAzyme-mediated logic gate system based on Ag(i)–cysteine

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (20) ◽  
pp. 6572-6578
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Xiaopeng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Circuit ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Logical Operations ◽  
Gate System

A switchable logic circuit which can represent three kinds of logical operations by adjusting concentration of silver ion and cysteine (Cys) based on E6 and Ag10c DNAzyme was developed.

Logic Gate System with Three Outputs and Three Inputs Based on Switchable Electrocatalysis of Glucose by Glucose Oxidase Entrapped in Chitosan Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wenjing Lian ◽  
Hongyun Liu ◽  
Chen-Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Chitosan Films

scholarly journals Design of Protein Logic Gate System Operating on Lipid Membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neža Omersa ◽  
Saša Aden ◽  
Matic Kisovec ◽  
Marjetka Podobnik ◽  
Gregor Anderluh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Gate System ◽  
System Operating
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