scholarly journals Titration Behavior and Spectral Transitions of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Carboxylic Acids. Volume 32, Number 12, June 15, 1999, pp 3964−3969.

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 648-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
ByoungSuhk Kim ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Jianping Gong ◽  
Yoshihito Osada
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble

Synthesis of water soluble glycosides of pentacyclic dihydroxytriterpene carboxylic acids as inhibitors of α-glucosidase

2016 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancong Xu ◽  
Xuliang Nie ◽  
Yanping Hong ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of gaseous and particulate oxygenated compounds at a remote site in Cape Corsica in the western Mediterranean Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 8067-8088
Author(s):  
Vincent Michoud ◽  
Elise Hallemans ◽  
Laura Chiappini ◽  
Eva Leoz-Garziandia ◽  
Aurélie Colomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Partitioning Coefficients

Abstract. The characterization of the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol is key to understanding the processes involved in the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol. Therefore a technique using active sampling on cartridges and filters and derivatization followed by analysis using a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (TD–GC–MS) has been used. It is aimed at studying the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol phases (PM2.5) during an intensive field campaign which took place in Corsica (France) during the summer of 2013: the ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) SOP1b (Special Observation Period 1B) campaign. These measurements led to the identification of 51 oxygenated (carbonyl and or hydroxyl) compounds in the gaseous phase with concentrations between 21 and 3900 ng m−3 and of 85 compounds in the particulate phase with concentrations between 0.3 and 277 ng m−3. Comparisons of these measurements with collocated data using other techniques have been conducted, showing fair agreement in general for most species except for glyoxal in the gas phase and malonic, tartaric, malic and succinic acids in the particle phase, with disagreements that can reach up to a factor of 8 and 20 on average, respectively, for the latter two acids. Comparison between the sum of all compounds identified by TD–GC–MS in the particle phase and the total organic matter (OM) mass reveals that on average 18 % of the total OM mass can be explained by the compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This number increases to 24 % of the total water-soluble OM (WSOM) measured by coupling the Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS)-TOC (total organic carbon) if we consider only the sum of the soluble compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This highlights the important fraction of the OM mass identified by these measurements but also the relative important fraction of OM mass remaining unidentified during the campaign and therefore the complexity of characterizing exhaustively the organic aerosol (OA) molecular chemical composition. The fraction of OM measured by TD–GC–MS is largely dominated by di-carboxylic acids, which represent 49 % of the PM2.5 content detected and quantified by this technique. Other contributions to PM2.5 composition measured by TD–GC–MS are then represented by tri-carboxylic acids (15 %), alcohols (13 %), aldehydes (10 %), di-hydroxy-carboxylic acids (5 %), monocarboxylic acids and ketones (3 % each), and hydroxyl-carboxylic acids (2 %). These results highlight the importance of polyfunctionalized carboxylic acids for OM, while the chemical processes responsible for their formation in both phases remain uncertain. While not measured by the TD–GC–MS technique, humic-like substances (HULISs) represent the most abundant identified species in the aerosol, contributing for 59 % of the total OM mass on average during the campaign. A total of 14 compounds were detected and quantified in both phases, allowing the calculation of experimental partitioning coefficients for these species. The comparison of these experimental partitioning coefficients with theoretical ones, estimated by three different models, reveals large discrepancies varying from 2 to 7 orders of magnitude. These results suggest that the supposed instantaneous equilibrium being established between gaseous and particulate phases assuming a homogeneous non-viscous particle phase is questionable.

Formation of carboxamides by direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines in alcohols using a new alcohol- and water-soluble condensing agent: DMT-MM

Tetrahedron ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munetaka Kunishima ◽  
Chiho Kawachi ◽  
Kazuhito Hioki ◽  
Keiji Terao ◽  
Shohei Tani
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Direct Condensation

scholarly journals Modeling the partitioning of organic chemical species in cloud phases with CLEPS (1.1)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Rose ◽  
Nadine Chaumerliac ◽  
Laurent Deguillaume ◽  
Hélène Perroux ◽  
Camille Mouchel-Vallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Particle Dissolution

Abstract. The new detailed aqueous phase mechanism Cloud Explicit Physico-chemical Scheme (CLEPS 1.0), which describes the oxidation of isoprene-derived water-soluble organic compounds, is coupled with a warm microphysical module simulating the activation of aerosol particles into cloud droplets. CLEPS 1.0 was then extended to CLEPS 1.1 to include the chemistry of the newly added di-carboxylic acids dissolved from the particulate phase. The resulting coupled model allows for predicting the aqueous phase concentrations of chemical compounds originating from particle dissolution, mass transfer from the gas phase and in-cloud aqueous chemical reactivity. The aim of the present study was more particularly to investigate the effect of particle dissolution on cloud chemistry. Several simulations were performed to assess the influence of various parameters on model predictions and to interpret long-term measurements conducted at the top of the puy de Dôme (PUY, France) in marine air masses. Specific attention was paid to carboxylic acids, whose predicted concentrations are on average in the lower range of the observations, with the exception of formic acid, which is rather overestimated in the model. The different sensitivity runs highlight the fact that formic and acetic acids mainly originate from the gas phase and have highly variable aqueous-phase reactivity depending on the cloud acidity, whereas C3–C4 carboxylic acids mainly originate from the particulate phase and are supersaturated in the cloud.

scholarly journals Direct arylation of C60Cl6 and C70Cl8 with carboxylic acids: a synthetic avenue to water-soluble fullerene derivatives with promising antiviral activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Kraevaya ◽  
Alexander S. Peregudov ◽  
Ivan A. Godovikov ◽  
Elena V. Shchurik ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Martynenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Direct Arylation ◽  
Fullerene Derivatives

Unprecedented Friedel–Crafts arylation of chlorofullerenes C60Cl6 and C70Cl8 with unprotected carboxylic acids has been utilized for efficient single-step synthesis of the inherently stable water-soluble fullerene derivatives.

Collagen-grafted ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for biomedical applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Bočková ◽  
Lucy Vojtová ◽  
Radek Přikryl ◽  
Jan Čechal ◽  
Josef Jančář
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Collagen Immobilization

AbstractA novel material for hard tissue implants has been prepared. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was grafted with collagen I, to improve its biocompatibility with soft tissue in case of its usage in bone engineering. Before collagen immobilization, commercial grade UHMWPE was treated with air plasma to introduce hydroperoxides onto the surface and subsequently grafted with carboxylic acid to functionalize the surface. Acrylic acid and itaconic acid were used for surface functionalization. After graft polymerization of carboxylic acids, collagen was immobilized covalently through the amide bonds between residual amino and carboxyl groups in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide/hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking system. Each step of modification was characterized using spectroscopic (EPR, ATR-FTIR, and XPS), microscopic (SEM and CLSM), and contact angle measurement methods. The experimental results showed that plasma treatment led to a generation of free radicals on the UHMWPE surface resulting in the formation of unstable hydroperoxides. These reactive species were used to graft unsaturated carboxylic acids onto UHMWPE. Consequently, collagen was grafted via the-NH2 and-COOH reaction. The obtained experimental data along with microscopic observations confirmed the success of graft poly-merization of itaconic as well as of acrylic acid and collagen immobilization onto the UHMWPE surface.

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