Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in an Inverse Microemulsion System: Homopolymerization, Chain Extension, and Block Copolymerization†† Paper no. 140 in a series on Water-Soluble Polymers.

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 5043-5052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sogabe ◽  
Charles L. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Block Copolymerization ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Inverse Microemulsion

Modification of Gold Surfaces with Water-Soluble (Co)polymers Prepared via Aqueous Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization†

Langmuir ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 5559-5562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent S. Sumerlin ◽  
Andrew B. Lowe ◽  
Paul A. Stroud ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Marek W. Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gold Surfaces ◽  
Reversible Addition

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of triphenylamine and Bbis(indolyl)methane center-functionalized polymer via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Wei Shang ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Zhenping Cheng ◽  
Nianchen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Method

AbstractA novel bis-functional reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent bearing triphenylamine (TPA) and bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) groups, {4-[bis(1-carbodithioic acid benzyl ester-indol-3-yl)methyl]phenyl}diphenylamine (BCIMPDPA), was synthesized and successfully used as the RAFT agent to mediate the polymerization of styrene (St). The polymerization results showed that reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of St could be well controlled. The kinetic plot showed it was of first order and the numberaverage molecular weight (Mn(GPC)) of the polymer measured by GPC increased linearly with monomer conversion, simultaneously, the molecular weight distribution of the polymer was also relatively narrow. In addition, the existence of the TPA and BIM groups in the middle of polymer chain was confirmed by chain extension reaction and 1H NMR spectrum. The optical properties of the functionalized polystyrene (PS) in chloroform solution were also investigated. Furthermore, the redox process of the RAFT agent and the functionalized PS were studied by cyclic voltammetry method.

Control of Particle Morphology in Ab Initio RAFT Mediated Emulsion Polymerization

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Sprong ◽  
Hank De Bruyn ◽  
Christopher H. Such ◽  
Brian S. Hawkett
Keyword(s):  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
Phase Systems

Recent advances in the use of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in dispersed phase systems have paved the way for the fine control of the morphology of latex particles that was not possible by conventional free radical polymerization techniques. With this approach, living amphiphilic block copolymers are synthesized that self-assemble to form micelles. The hydrophilic segment is formed from a water-soluble monomer which stabilizes the latex particles as polymerization proceeds and the latex particles grow. The hydrophobic ends of the RAFT diblocks ultimately grow into the polymer that forms the body of the particles. This paper presents examples of ways in which these advances can be used to engineer latex particles with unique morphologies that exhibit specific application properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Defined SolubleAlq3- andZnq2-Functionalized Polymers via RAFT Copolymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chengchao Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Nianchen Zhou ◽  
Yansheng Qiu ◽  
Zhengping Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Aluminium Isopropoxide ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Weight Distributions

The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerizations of 2-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)methoxy)ethyl methacrylate (HQHEMA) with styrene (St) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were successfully carried out in the presence of 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithionaphthalenoate (CPDN). The polymerization behaviors showed the typical living natures by the first-order polymerization kinetics, the linear dependence of molecular weights of the polymers on the monomer conversions with the relatively narrow molecular weight distributions(Mw/Mn), and the successful chain extension experiments. The soluble polymers having tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) and bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) znic(II) (Znq2) side chains were obtained via complexation of the polymers with aluminium isopropoxide or zinc acetate in the presence of monomeric 8-hydroxyquinoline, which had strong fluorescent emission at 520 nm. The obtained polymers were characterized by GPC, NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescent spectra.

scholarly journals Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization of Poly(ethylmethacrylate) with Pendant Carbazole Groups

KIMIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Shienna Marie Pontillas ◽  
Florentino C. Sumera ◽  
Rigoberto C. Advincula
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Conversion Characteristic ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Carbazole Group

Carbazole containing polymers have captured the interest of researchers for use in optoelectronics. For an important material to exhibit its optoelectronic properties intrinsic uniformity in the molecular level is required. Thus, a monomer of ethyl methacrylate with pendant carbazole group was synthesized and polymerized via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) to produce polymers with controlled molecular weight distribution and narrow polydispersity index (PDI). This method of polymerization was compared with that of free radical polymerization by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The RAFT’s polymerization kinetics was observed to follow a plot of number average molecular weight (Mn) versus % conversion, characteristic of living polymerization. It was also shown to possess polymer chain extension capability. The structure of the monomer and the polymers were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

Visible light induced aqueous RAFT polymerization using a supramolecular perylene diimide/cucurbit[7]uril complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2801-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqi Yang ◽  
Zesheng An
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Perylene Diimide ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Reversible Addition

A water-soluble perylene diimide (PDI), in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA), is used as a metal-free photocatalyst for aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization under green light.

Dendrimers as Scaffolds for Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents: a Route to Star-Shaped Block Copolymers

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Hao ◽  
Eva Malmström ◽  
Thomas P. Davis ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Star Block Copolymers

Star-shaped block copolymers of styrene and n-butyl acrylate having three, six, and twelve pendent arms were successfully synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Dendritic cores (based on 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) of generation 0, 1, and 2 have been functionalized with 3-benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic ester groups and have subsequently been employed to mediate the polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate to generate macro-star-RAFT agents as starting materials for chain extension. The chain extension of the macro-star-RAFT agents with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate by bulk free radical polymerization at 60°C gives narrowly distributed polymer (final polydispersities close to 1.2) increasing linearly in molecular weight with increasing monomer-to-polymer conversion. However, with an increasing number of arms (i.e., when going from three- to twelve-armed star polymers), the chain extension becomes significantly less efficient. The molecular weight of the generated block copolymers was assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as size exclusion chromatography calibrated with linear polystyrene standards. The hydrodynamic radius, Rh, of the star block copolymers as well as the precursor star polymers was determined in tetrahydrofuran by dynamic light scattering (90°) at 25°C. Interestingly, the observed Rh–Mn relationships indicate a stronger dependence of Rh on Mn for poly(butyl acrylate) stars than for the corresponding styrene polymers. Rh increases significantly when the macro-star-RAFT agent is chain extended with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate.

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