scholarly journals XPCS Investigation of the Dynamics of Filler Particles in Stretched Filled Elastomers

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 8691-8701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Ehrburger-Dolle ◽  
Isabelle Morfin ◽  
Françoise Bley ◽  
Frédéric Livet ◽  
Gert Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filled Elastomers ◽  
Filler Particles

Surface Energy Effects for Small Holes or Particles in Elastomers

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Gent ◽  
D. A. Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Rigid Inclusion ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Simple Liquids ◽  
Filled Elastomers ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Small Holes

Abstract Expansion of a small spherical hole in a highly elastic solid is treated theoretically. Both elastic and surface energy terms are considered; the corresponding surface forces are assumed to be additive. The surface energy of the elastomer is assumed to be similar to that of simple liquids. Pressures or triaxial tensions required to inflate pre-existing holes to an indefinitely large size are calculated. Small holes require extremely large pressures, of the order of 1000 atm for holes of 10 A˚ radius. These results suggest a means of determining the distribution of hole sizes in elastomers and account, in principle, for experimental observations of cavitation processes. Detachment of the elastomer from a small rigid inclusion is treated in a similar way. The general absence of dilation or cavitation on stretching carbon black filled elastomers is thus accounted for solely in terms of the small size of these filler particles.

Viscoelastic Properties of Rubberlike Composite Propellants and Filled Elastomers

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Landel ◽  
Thor L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Universal Function ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
Hencky Strain ◽  
Filled Elastomers ◽  
Equilibrium Modulus ◽  
Filler Particles

Abstract The mechanical properties of rubberlike composite propellants and similar filled elastomers are determined largely by the volume fraction of filler, the visco-elastic properties of the binder, and the interactions between the binder and filler particles. The ratio of the quasi-equilibrium modulus of the composite to that for the unfilled elastomer increases with the volume fraction of the filler, apparently according to an equation of the form proposed by Eilers and Van Dyck. However, the same ratio for the dynamic storage modulus decreases as the frequency is increased or the temperature is decreased. The time-dependent tensile properties can be characterized by stress-strain curves measured at different strain rates and temperatures. Both the small deformation and ultimate properties can be represented by master curves, which are functions only of the experimental time scale, along with a temperature function which is a near-universal function of the glass temperature. Propellants under constant loads initially exhibit creep which is qualitatively similar to that of unfilled elastomers, but subsequently dewetting of the filler particles may begin and this causes the deformation to increase exponentially with time. A discussion is given of the use of Poisson's ratio, defined in terms of Hencky strain and measured as a function of extension, to indicate the initiation of dewetting and the subsequent volume increase.

scholarly journals Non-Monotonic Sensor Behavior of Carbon Particle-Filled Textile Strain Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Johannes Mersch ◽  
Henriette Probst ◽  
Andreas Nocke ◽  
Chokri Cherif ◽  
Gerald Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Strain History ◽  
Filled Elastomers

Carbon particle-filled elastomers are a widely researched option to be used as piezoresistive strain sensors for soft robotics or human motion monitoring. Therefore, various polymers can be compounded with carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene. However, in many studies, the electrical resistance strain response of the carbon particle-filled elastomers is non-monotonic in dynamic evaluation scenarios. The non-monotonic material behavior is also called shoulder phenomenon or secondary peak. Until today, the underlying cause is not sufficiently well understood. In this study, several influencing test parameters on the shoulder phenomena are explored, such as strain level, strain rate and strain history. Moreover, material parameters such as CNT content and anisotropy are varied in melt-spun CNT filled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament yarns, and their non-monotonic sensor response is evaluated. Additionally, a theoretical concept for the underlying mechanism and thereupon-based model is presented. An equivalent circuit model is used, which incorporates the visco-elastic properties and the characteristic of the percolation network formed by the conductive filler material. The simulation results are in good agreement when compared to the experimental results.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Probing the Filler Restructuring in Magnetoactive Elastomers by Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4470
Author(s):  
Inna A. Belyaeva ◽  
Jürgen Klepp ◽  
Hartmut Lemmel ◽  
Mikhail Shamonin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetoactive Elastomer

Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) experiments are reported on isotropic magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) samples with different concentrations of micrometer-sized iron particles in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field up to 350 mT. The effect of the magnetic field on the scattering curves is observed in the scattering vector range between 2.5 × 10−5 and 1.85 × 10−4 Å−1. It is found that the neutron scattering depends on the magnetization history (hysteresis). The relation of the observed changes to the magnetic-field-induced restructuring of the filler particles is discussed. The perspectives of employing USANS for investigations of the internal microstructure and its changes in magnetic field are considered.

scholarly journals Biocomposites of Low-Density Polyethylene Plus Wood Flour or Flax Straw: Biodegradation Kinetics across Three Environments

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Anna K. Zykova ◽  
Petr V. Pantyukhov ◽  
Elena E. Mastalygina ◽  
Christian Chaverri-Ramos ◽  
Svetlana G. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Flax Straw

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for biocomposite films to biodegrade in diverse climatic environments. Biocomposite films based on polyethylene and 30 wt.% of two lignocellulosic fillers (wood flour or flax straw) of different size fractions were prepared and studied. The developed composite films were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties that allows the use of these materials for various applications. The biodegradability was evaluated in soil across three environments: laboratory conditions, an open field in Russia, and an open field in Costa Rica. All the samples lost weight and tensile strength during biodegradation tests, which was associated with the physicochemical degradation of both the natural filler and the polymer matrix. The spectral density of the band at 1463 cm−1 related to CH2-groups in polyethylene chains decreased in the process of soil burial, which is evidence of polymer chain breakage with formation of CH3 end groups. The degradation rate of most biocomposites after 20 months of the soil assays was greatest in Costa Rica (20.8–30.9%), followed by laboratory conditions (16.0–23.3%), and lowest in Russia (13.2–22.0%). The biocomposites with flax straw were more prone to biodegradation than those with wood flour, which can be explained by the chemical composition of fillers and the shape of filler particles. As the size fraction of filler particles increased, the biodegradation rate increased. Large particles had higher bioavailability than small spherical ones, encapsulated by a polymer. The prepared biocomposites have potential as an ecofriendly replacement for traditional polyolefins, especially in warmer climates.

Modeling of the formation of oriented-polymer layers at filler particles in polymer nanocomposites

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Svistkov ◽  
Lyudmila Andreevna Komar ◽  
G. Heinrich ◽  
B. Lauke
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Oriented Polymer ◽  
Polymer Layers ◽  
Filler Particles

Contribution of physico-chemical properties of interfaces on dispersibility, adhesion and flocculation of filler particles in rubber

Polymer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1954-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
René Jurk ◽  
Gert Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Filler Particles
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document