Synthesis of Triphenylamine Copolymers and Effect of Their Chemical Structures on Physical Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 5200-5208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Takashi Sakakura ◽  
Kenji Ogino
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Structures

Effects of physical and chemical structures of bacterial cellulose on its enhancement to paper physical properties

Cellulose ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 3513-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouyang Xiang ◽  
Qingguo Liu ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Fachuang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Soil Pollution from Micro- and Nanoplastic Debris: A Hidden and Unknown Biohazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamina Imran Pathan ◽  
Paola Arfaioli ◽  
Tommaso Bardelli ◽  
Maria Teresa Ceccherini ◽  
Paolo Nannipieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Nano Size

The fate, properties and determination of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soil are poorly known. In fact, most of the 300 million tons of plastics produced each year ends up in the environment and the soil acts as a log-term sink for these plastic debris. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss MP and NP pollution in soil as well as highlighting the knowledge gaps that are mainly related to the complexity of the soil ecosystem. The fate of MPs and NPs in soil is strongly determined by physical properties of plastics, whereas negligible effect is exerted by their chemical structures. The degradative processes of plastic, termed ageing, besides generating micro-and nano-size debris, can induce marked changes in their chemical and physical properties with relevant effects on their reactivity. Further, these processes could cause the release of toxic oligomeric and monomeric constituents from plastics, as well as toxic additives, which may enter in the food chain, representing a possible hazard to human health and potentially affecting the fauna and flora in the environment. In relation to their persistence in soil, the list of soil-inhabiting, plastic-eating bacteria, fungi and insect is increasing daily. One of the main ecological functions attributable to MPs is related to their function as vectors for microorganisms through the soil. However, the main ecological effect of NPs (limited to the fraction size < than 50 nm) is their capacity to pass through the membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Soil biota, particularly earthworms and collembola, can be both MPs and NPs carriers through soil profile. The use of molecular techniques, especially omics approaches, can gain insights into the effects of MPs and NPs on composition and activity of microbial communities inhabiting the soil and into those living on MPs surface and in the gut of the soil plastic-ingesting fauna.

scholarly journals Chemical structures, rheological and physical properties of biopolyols prepared via solvothermal liquefaction of Enteromorpha and Zostera marina biomass

Cellulose ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 5893-5912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Kamila Gosz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Józef Tadeusz Haponiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Chemical Structures

The Effect of Extracts ofFucus Serratusin Promoting the Settlement of Larvae ofSpirorbis Borealis[Polychaeta]

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Adsorbed Layer ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Innate Ability

Free-swimming planktonic larvae of most species of sedentary marine invertebrates do not metamorphose in mid-water and settle at random, but possess considerable powers of delaying metamorphoses until a suitable substrate is encountered. Within recent years several workers have analysed the physical properties of a substrate to which larvae respond, particularly amongst those species which are restricted in their distribution in the littoral zone to the surfaces of other animals and plants. The serpulidSpirorbis borealisoccurs most abundantly onFucus serratus; experiments conducted in which surfaces treated with extracts ofF. serratuswere offered as alternatives to untreated surfaces illustrated that the larvae settle on these extract-treated surfaces in significantly greater numbers. It has been demonstrated that this response is to some chemical substance derived from the alga rather than to changes in physical properties of the surface such as increased thickness of the overlying film, or changes in the surface texture. Contact with this substance modifies the settlement behaviour from that observed amongst larvae settling on untreated surfaces. The photopositive behaviour is curtailed, and the duration of the crawling behaviour preceding settlement abbreviated. The precise mechanism by which the larvae respond to the active substance is as yet unknown, but observations have illustrated that it is dependent upon the larvae detecting the active substance as an adsorbed layer on the surface rather than a response to concentration gradients in solution. The significance of an innate ability to detect specific substrates by chemical structures characteristic of the surface in the speciation of the Spirorbinae has been discussed.

Chemical structures and physical properties of vanadium oxide films modified by single-walled carbon nanotubes

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1422-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
Xiangdong Xu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Minghui Sun ◽  
Yadong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vanadium Oxide ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A series of vanadium oxide (VOx)–single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite films with different SWCNT concentrations were prepared and systematically investigated. The critical SWCNT concentrations for modification of VOx films were experimentally deduced.

Neuere Ergebnisse zur Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung/ Some New Results Concerning Structure-Activity Relationships of Herbicides

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Draber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Log P ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Photosynthesis Inhibition ◽  
Structure Activity

Abstract Relative activities and sensitivities towards twelve 1,2,4-triazinones were determined by conventional dilution techniques. The pI50-values of photosynthesis inhibition were found in a very narrow range (6.4 -6.6) whereas their physical properties differed widely (RM , log PO/W * log PSE , log (1/c) W). The question was whether the physical parameters showed any correlation with the relative activities and relative sensitivities which differed very widely (up to 50 fold). It was found that only the water solubility (log (1/c) W) showed some correlation with activity and no correlation could be detected between the chemical structures and the activities or sensitivities.

Preparation and Properties of a Novel Thermosetting Resin Based on 4,4'-Bismaleimidodiphenyl Methane and Allyl COPNA Resin

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Qi Lang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Thermosetting Resin ◽  
Resin System ◽  
Thermal Behaviors ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Copna Resin ◽  
Thermo Stability

A bismaleimide (BMI) resin system based on allyl condensed polynuclear aromatic resin and 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenyl methane was prepared in this paper. The chemical structures and rheological properties of the resin prepolymer were characterized by FTIR and viscometer, respectively. DSC was used to study the curing reaction of the resin prepolymer, and TG-DTG was employed to study the thermal behaviors of the cured resin. Moreover, physical properties of the BMI resin, including mechanical and dielectric properties, were studied. The results showed that the BMI resin had good thermo-stability, good mechanical properties and excellent dielectric properties. Introduction

Relationships between Chemical Structures of Crosslink Sites and Physical Properties of Vulcanized Rubbers. Part VI. Oxidative Degradation of EPDM Vulcanizates

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Imoto ◽  
Y. Minoura ◽  
K. Goto ◽  
H. Harada ◽  
K. Nishihira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Absorption Measurements

Abstract Relationship between the chemical structures of crosslinks and the degree of oxidative degradation of EPDM vulcanizates was studied by stress relaxation and oxygen absorption measurements. It was found that the vulcanizates having C—Sx—C crosslink showed slower stress relaxation than the vulcanizate having other crosslink structures, i.e., C—S—C, C—C, and C—R—C. It was thought that C—Sx—C bond would reduce the scission of the network in oxidative degradation, since some polysulfide compounds had the same effect of protecting scission as antioxidant. The similar results were obtained in oxygen absorption measurements. In the case of heat aging, the vulcanizate having C—Sx—C linkage increased in crosslinks during aging and the rate of crosslinking was equal to the rate of scission of the network in the early stages, but the vulcanizates having other types of crosslinks did not show such behavior.

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